im-en-\n Iy-jvW³
N-cn-{X-¯n-se X-só G-ähpw hen-b I-¸ð Zp-c-´amb ssS-äm-\n-Iv ]p-\À\nÀ-½n-¡póp. B-kv-t{S-en-b³ tIm-So-iz-c\m-b ss¢-hv ]mð-aÀ B-Wv ssS-äm-\n-Iv II F-ó t]-cnð B-Uw-_-c I-¸ð ]p-\À-\nÀ-½n-¡p-óXv. ssN-\-bn-se kn-F-kv kn Pn³-enw-Kv jn-¸v bmÀ-Un-emIpw cïmw ssS-äm-\n-In-sâ \nÀ-½mWw. I-ón-bm-{X-bnð I-¸n-en-\v A-I¼-Sn tk-hn-¡p-ó-Xn-\m-bn ssN-\o-kv \mhn-I tk\-sb k-ao-]n-¨-Xmbpw Øn-co-I-cn-¡m-¯ hm-Àv-¯-I-fp-ïv. C-Xv kw-_-Ôn-¨ NÀ-¨-IÄ \-S-¡p-I-bmWv.
B-Zy ssS-äm-\n-¡n-s\ t]m-se 840 dq-ap-Ifpw H³]-Xv U-¡p-I-fp-am-Wv cïmw ssS-äm-\n-¡nepw D-ïm-hp-I. Iq-Sm-sX sse-{_-dn,Pnw-t\-jyw, e-£z-dn Iym-_n-\pIÄ, kzn-½nw-Kv ]q-fpIÄ, ssl-¢m-Êv d-tÌm-dâp-IÄ F-ón-hbpw D-ïm-Ipw. A-Xym-[p\n-I kpc-£m kw-hn-[m-\-§-fmIpw ]pXnb ssS-äm-\n-¡nð D-ïm-hp-I. ]-²-Xn-bp-sS sNe-hv ]p-d-¯p-hn-«n-«nñ.
1912ð \nd-sb bm-{X-¡m-cp-am-bn ku¯mw-]v-S-Wnð \n-óv \yq-tbmÀ-¡n-te-¡v ]p-d-s¸« ssS-äm-\n-Iv a-ªp-a-e-bn-en-Sn-¨v X-IÀ-ó-Xn-s\ Xp-SÀóv 1,502 t]-cm-Wv a-cn-¨Xv. F-ómð A¯-c-sam-cp Zpc-´w B-hÀ-¯n-¡n-sñ-óm-Wv ss¢-hv Dd-¸v ]-d-bp-ó-Xv. Fñm-bm-{X-¡mÀ¡pw B-h-iyamb sse-^v t_m-«p-Ifpw A-Xym-[p\n-I kpc-£m kw-hn-[m-\-§fpw ]pXn-b ssS-äm-\n-¡nð D-ïm-Ipw.
b-YmÀ° ssS-äm-\n-¡nð D-ïm-bn-cp-ó Fñm hn-[ ku-I-cy-§fpw ]pXnb ssS-äm-\n-¡nepw D-ïm-Ipw. 1912 te-¡v H-cp Xn-cn¨p-t]m-¡m-bn-cn¡pw ]pXnb ssS-äm-\n-¡n-sâ Dį-fw \n-§Ä-¡v \ð-Ip-I. F-ómð B-[p\n-I ku-I-cy-§fm-b F-bÀ I-ïo-j-\nw-Kv t]m-ep-Å ku-I-cy-§-fpw C-tXm-sSm-¸w D-ïm-Ipw. F-ómð I-¸-enð CâÀ-s\äpw tkm-jyð s\-äv h-À-¡nw-Kv ssk-äp-IÄ¡pw \n-tcm[-\w D-ïm-Ipw.
Fñm bm-{X-¡mÀ-¡pw 1920I-fn-se th-j-hn-[m-\-§-fmIpw \-ð-Ip-I. ssS-äm-\n-Iv kn-\n-a-bn-se ss¢-am-Ivv-kv H-gn-¨p-Å `m-K-§-fmIpw ]pXnb ssS-äm-\n-Iv \n-§Ä-¡v \ð-Ip-I F-óv ss¢-hv hmÀ-¯m-k-t½-f-\-¯nð hy-à-am¡n. tem-I-¯n-se G-ähpw kp-c-£n-Xam-b I-¸-emIpw ssS-äm-\n-Iv II F-óv ss¢-hv ]mð-aÀ I-gn-ª Znh-kw e-ï-\nð \-S¯n-b hmÀ-¯m k-t½-f-\-¯nð Dd-¸v \ðIn. B-fp-IÄ-¡v ]-c-kv]-cw kw-km-cn-¡p-ó-Xn\pw dn-em-Iv-kv sN-¿p-ó-Xn\pw th-ïn-bm-Wv I-¸-enð CâÀ-s\-än-\v \n-tcm[-\w GÀ-s¸-Sp-¯n-b-sXópw ss¢-hv ]-dªp.
\n-e-hnð G-I-tZ-iw 40,000t¯m-fw t]À ]pXn-b ssS-äm-\n-¡nð bm-{X sN-¿m-\p-Å B-{K-lw {]-I-Sn-¸n-¨v F-¯n-bn-«pïv. ^-Ìv, sk-¡³Uv, tXÀ-Uv ¢m-kp-I-fn-em-bn-«mIpw bm-{X-¡mÀ-¡v Xm-a-k-ku-Icyw H-cp-¡p-ó-Xv. 2016 A-h-km-\-t¯m-sS ssS-äm-\n-Iv II bm-{X-bv-¡v k-Ö-am-Ip-sa-óm-Wv I-cp-Xp-ó-Xv. B-Zy ssS-äm-\n-In-s\ t]m-se cïmw ssS-äm-\nIpw ku-¯mw-]v-S-Wnð \n-óv \yq-tbmÀ-¡v kn-än-bn-te-¡m-Ipw I-ón bm-{X \-S-¯p-I.
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