d-jy³ hw-i-P\pw tem-I-sa-¼mSpw _n-kn\-Êv Øm-]-\-§Ä D-Å-bm-fp-am-b i-X-tIm-So-iz-c³ t_m-dn-kv s_-d-tkm-hv-kv-In-sb e-ï-\n-se ho-«nð a-cn-¨ \n-e-bnð I-ï¯n. e-ï-\n-se _À-¡v-j-b-dn-se Akv-tIm-«n-ep-Å F-kv-tä-än-em-Wv A-dp-]-¯n-tb-gv h-b-ÊpÅ t_m-dn-kn-s\ a-cn-¨ \n-e-bnð I-sï-¯n-b-Xv. t_m-dn-kn-sâ Aw-K-c-£-I³ X-só-bm-Wv hmÀ-¯ ]pdw-temI-¯v F-¯n-¨-Xv.
_n-kn-\-Ênð A-S¡-Sn Dïm-b \-ã§-sf Xp-SÀ-ó h³ I-S-¡m-cm-\m-bn amdnb t_m-do-kv \n-cm-i-\m-bn Po-h-s\m-Sp-¡n-b-Xm-sW-óm-Wv {]m-Yan-I \n-K-a\w. F-ómð \n-e-hn-se d-jy³ kÀ-¡m-cn-\v A-\-`n-a-X\mb t_m-do-kn-sâ Poh-\v `oj-Wn D-ïm-bn-cp-óp Fópw sIm-e-]m-X-I km[y-X X-Ån-¡-f-bm-\m-In-sñópw A-Sp-¯ hr-¯-§Ä A-dn-bn-¨p.
Có-se D-¨-tbm-sS-bm-Wv t_m-dn-kn-s\ a-cn-¨ \n-e-bnð I-sï-¯n-bXv. k-td-bn-se ho-«nð a-cn-¨ \n-e-bnð I-sï-¯n-sb-óm-bn-cp-óp BZyw hmÀ-¯-IÄ h-ó-sX-¦nepw ]n-óo-Sv Akv-tIm-«n-se F-kv-tä-än-em-Wv F-óv Xn-cp-¯n.
1964ð d-jy-bn-se tamkv-tIm-bnð P-\n¨ t_m-dn-kv IW-¡v A-²ym-]-I-\m-bn-«m-Wv Po-hn-Xw B-cw-`n-¨Xv. Xp-Ñam-b Xp-I i¼-fw t\-Sn-bn-cp-ó A-²ym-]-I³ F-ó \n-e-bnð \nópw i-X-tIm-So-iz-c-\n-te-¡p-Å t_m-do-kn-sâ h-fÀ-¨ A-¼-c-¸n-¡p-ó-Xm-bn-cpóp. B-Zy-Ime-¯v d-jy-bn-te-¡v sa-gv-knU-kv Im-dp-IÄ C-d-¡pa-Xn sN-bv-Xp-sIm-ïv Xp-S§n-b _n-kn\-Êv _-Ô-§Ä ]n-óo-Sv d-jy-bp-sS cm-{ão-bK-Xn X-só \nÀ-®-bn-¡p-ó co-Xn-bn-te-¡v h-fÀ-¯n-sb-Sp-¡m³ t_m-dn-kn-\v I-gn-ªp.
kn-_v-s\-^väv Hm-bnð I-¼-\n-bp-sS D-S-a-Iq-Snbmb t_m-dn-kv d-jy-bn-se {][m-\ Sn-hn-Nm-\em-b H-BÀ-Sn-bp-sS {]ap-J Hm-l-cn-bp-S-a Iq-Sn-bm-bn-cp-óp. t_m-dn-kv sbÕ-\v F-Xn-tc i-àam-b {]-Nmc-Ww \-S-¯n-bn-cpó t_m-do-kv ]n-óo-Sv d-jy³ cm-{ãob-s¯ ]n-ónð \n-óv \n-b-{´n-¡p-ó {][m-\ i-àn-bm-bn-cpóp. F-ómð hv-fm-Zn-anÀ ]p-Sn³ A-[n-Im-c-¯n-se-¯n-b-tXm-sS t_m-dn-kn-\v A-`-bmÀ-°n-bm-bn {_n-«-\n-te-¡v I-S-t¡-ïn h-óp.
]p-Sn-³ H-BÀ-Sn-bp-sS {]-hÀ¯-\w a-c-hn-¸n-¨-Xn-s\-Xn-tc i-àam-b `m-j-bnð {]-Xn-I-cn-¨-tXm-sS-bm-Wv t_m-do-kv d-jy³ `-c-W-Iq-S-¯n-sâ I-®n-se I-c-Sm-Ip-ó-Xv. t_m-do-kn-sâ _n-kn\-Êv km-{amPyw X-IÀ-¡m³ ]p-Sn³ X-sâ cm-{ão-b kzm-[o-\w D-]-tbm-Kn-¨-Xmbpw B-tcm-]-W-apïv. C-tX Xp-SÀ-ópïm-b \n-b-a-bp-²-§Ä t_m-dn-kn-sâ B-kv-Xn-bp-sS \-sñm-cp ]-¦v \-in-¸n-¨n-cp-óp.
\n-b-a-bp²-s¯ Xp-SÀ-ópïm-b I-Shpw d-jy³ kÀ-¡m-cnð \n-óp-Å ]o-U-\-hp-am-Wv t_m-do-kn-sâ a-c-W-¯n-\v ]n-ón-se-óv C-t±-l-¯n-sâ h-àm-hv Snw s_ð hy-à-am¡n. A-Sp-¯ kp-lr-¯m-bn-cpó tdm-a³ A{_-tam-hn-¨n-s\-Xn-tc I-cmÀþ hn-izm-k-ew-L-\-¯n-\v t_m-dn-kv tI-kv \ð-In-sb-¦nepw ]-cm-P-b-s¸-«n-cp-óp. 3.3 _n-ey¬ ]u-ïv \-ã-]-cn-lm-cw B-h-iy-s¸-«m-Wv t_m-dn-kv ]-cm-Xn \ð-In-b-sX-¦nepw tI-kv ]-cm-P-b-s¸-«-Xn-s\ Xp-SÀ-óv ]-¯v an-ey¬ ]u-tïm-fw t_m-do-kv A{_-tam-hn-¨n-\v \ð-tI-ïn h-ón-cp-óp.
Im-ap-In-bm-bn-cp-ó Feo\ tKm-À-_p-t\-h-bp-am-bn thÀ-]n-cn-ª-Xn-s\ Xp-SÀ-óv t_m-dn-kn-sâ kz-¯p-¡Ä a-c-hn-¸n-¡-W-sa-óv Im-«n \ðIn-b ]-cm-Xn-bnð Feo-\ A-\pIq-e D-¯c-hv t\-Sn-bXpw t_m-do-kn-s\ X-IÀ-¯n-cp-óp. I-gn-ª Ip-td am-k-§-fm-bn t_m-do-kv I-\-¯ am-\kn-I kw-LÀ-j-¯n-em-bn-cp-ó-Xm-bn C-t±-l-¯n-sâ A-Sp-¯ _-Ôp-¡Ä hy-à-am¡n. ]-Ww I-sï-¯m-\m-Im-¯-Xn-s\ Xp-SÀ-óv X-sâ ssI-h-i-ap-ïm-bn-cp-ó A-aq-eyam-b s]-bnânw-Kp-Ifpw aäpw hnð-¡m\pw t_m-dn-kv X-¿m-dm-bn-cpóp.
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