Im-en-Xo-ä-Ipw-`-tIm-W tI-knð ap³ _o-lmÀ ap-Jy-a-{´nbpw BÀ-sP-Un t\-Xm-hpam-b em-ep-{]-km-Zv bm-Z-hv Ip-ä-¡m-c-s\-óv dm-ôn {]-tXy-I kn-_n-sF tImS-Xn I-sï-¯n-. C-tXm-sS Ip-ä-¡mcm-b P-\-{]-Xn-\n-[nI-sf A-tbm-Ky-cm-¡m-\p-Å kp-{]ow-tIm-S-Xn-bp-sS ]pXn-b hn-[n-{]-Im-cw Fw-]n-Øm-\w \-ã-s¸-Sp-ó t\-Xm-hmIpw em-ep-{]-km-Zv bm-Zhv. em-ephn-s\m-¸w a-äv \m-ev-]-¯n-b-ôv {]-Xn-Ifpw Ip-ä-¡m-cmW-óv tImS-Xn I-sï-¯n-bn-«pïv. C-hÀ-¡p-Å in-£ hym-gmgv-N {]-Jym-]n-¡pw. A-gn-aXn, KqVm-temN-\, hym-Ptc-J N-a-¡ð F-óo Ip-ä-§-fm-Wv em-ep-hn-s\-Xn-tc sX-fn-bn-¡-s¸-«Xv. aq-óv hÀ-jw ap-Xð G-gv hÀ-jw h-sc XS-hv in-£ e-`n-¡m-hp-ó Ip-ä-§-fm-Wv C-Xv.
Ip-ä-¡mcm-b P-\-{]-Xn-\n-[n-IÄ-¡v A-tbmKy-X Ið-¸n¨p-sIm-ïp-Å D-¯-c-hn-sâ ]-Ým-¯-e-¯nð em-ep-hn-\v tem-Iv-k-`mw-K-Xzw \-ã-am-Ipw. c-ï hÀ-j-¯n-e-[n-Iw XS-hv A-\p-`-hn-t¡-ïn h-ó-hÀ-¡v B-tbm-Ky-X Ið-¸n-¡-W-sa-óm-Wv kp-{]ow tIm-S-Xn-bp-sS D-¯-c-hv. C-tXm-sS kp-{]ow-tImS-Xn hn-[n-bv-¡v ti-jw BZyw B-tbm-Ky-\m-Ip-ó t\-Xm-hv F-ó ]Z-hn em-ep-hn-\v kz-´-am-Ipw.
Ip-ä-¡m-c-\m-Wv Fóv I-sï-¯n-b-tXm-sS em-ep-hn-s\ t]m-eo-kv I-kv-ä-U-bn-se-Sp¯p. C-t±l-s¯ _nÀ-k ap-ï P-bn-en-te-¡v amän. em-ep-hn-\v ]pd-ta ap³ ap-Jy-a-{´nbpw tIm¬-{K-Êv t\-Xm-hpam-b P-K\m-Y an{i, ap³ a-{´n, sP-Un-bp Fw-]n P-K-Zo-jv iÀ-½, \mev sF-]nFkv Hm-^o-kÀ-amÀ F-ón-h-c-S-§p-ó h-¼³-am-cm-Wv {]-Xn-IÄ.
1996 ð em-eq-{]-km-Zv sF-Iy-_o-lm-dn-sâ ap-Jy-a{´n B-bn-cn-¡-th-bm-Wv Im-en-Xo-ä Ipw-`-tIm-Ww \-S-¡p-ó-Xv. QmÀ-J-Þn-se Om-bv_m-k {S-j-dn-bnð \nópw hym-P-tc-J-bp-ïm-¡n 37.7 tIm-Sn cq-] X-«n-sb-Sp-¯q F-óm-Wv tIkv. kn-_n-sF A-t\z-j-W-¯nð em-ep-{]-km-Zv Ip-ä-¡m-c-\m-Wv F-óv I-sï-¯n-b-tXm-sS em-ep-{]-km-Zv cm-Pn-h-¨p. \o-ï ]-Xn-t\-gv hÀ-j-§Ä-¡v ti-j-am-Wv hn-[n-h-cp-ó-sX-ópw {i-t±-b-am-Wv.
2000¯nð _o-lmÀ hn-`-Pn-¨v QmÀ-J-Þv cq-]o-I-cn-¨-tXm-sS Im-eo-Xo-ä Ipw-`-tIm-W-hp-am-bn _-Ô-s¸-« `q-cn-`m-Kw tI-kp-I-fpw QmÀ-J-Þv tIm-S-Xn-bn-te-¡v am-än-bn-cp-óp. 43 tI-kp-I-fn-ð hnhn-[ tIm-S-Xn-IÄ CXn-t\mS-Iw hn-[n ]p-d-s¸-Sp-hn-¨n-cp-óp. tI-kn-se P-Uv-Pn-sb am-ä-W-sa-óv B-h-iy-s¸-«v em-ep {]-km-Zv bmZ-hv QmÀJ-Þv ssl-t¡m-S-Xn-tbbpw kp-{]ow tIm-S-Xn-tbbpw k-ao-]n-¨n-cp-óp. _o-lmÀ ap-Jy-a{´n \o-Xo-jv Ip-am-dn-sâ _-Ôphm-W P-Uv-Pn-sb-óv Nq-ïn-¡m-«n B-bn-cp-óp Cu B-h-iyw. F-ómð Cu B-h-iyw c-ïv tIm-S-Xnbpw X-Ån-bn-cpóp.
em-ep P-bn-en-em-b-tXm-sS AÀ-sP-Un-sb B-cv \-bn¡pw F-óp-ÅXpw hen-b NÀ-¨m-hn-j-b-am-Wv. em-ep-hn-sâ `m-cy-bm-b dm{_o tZ-hn BÀ-sP-Un-sb \-bn-¡p-sa-óv ]-d-bp-óp-sï-¦nepw C-Xv F-{X-t¯m-fw {]m-tbm-Kn-I-am-Wv F-óv I-ïv X-só A-dn-tb-ïn h-cpw. C-tXm-sS _o-lmÀ cm-{ão-b-¯nð em-ep-bp-Kw A-h-km-\n-¡m³ Im-en-Xo-äv Ipw-`-tIm-Ww Im-c-W-am-Ip-sa-óm-Wv I-cp-Xp-ó-Xv.
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