{]ap-J {_n-«o-jv im-kv-{X-Ú\pw c-ïv X-h-W c-k-X-{´-¯n-\pÅ t\m-ss_ð ]p-c-kv-Im-c tP-Xm-hpam-b {^-U-dn-Iv kmw-KÀ A-´-cn-¨p. t{]m-«o³ ]T-\ cw-K¯pw Po-t\mw K-th-j-W-cw-K¯pw A-Xp-eyam-b kw-`m-h-\-IÄ \ðIn-b kmw-KÀ Po-t\m-an-Ivv-kn-sâ ]n-Xm-hv F-ó t]-cn-em-Wv A-dn-b-s¸-Sp-óXv. tIw-{_n-Uv-Pv sa-Un-¡ð dn-kÀ-¨v Iu¬-kn-en-sâ I-½yq-Wn-t¡-j³ am-t\-PÀ B-{Un-b³ s]-tâm-km-Wv kmw-KÀ A-´-cn-¨ Imcyw temI-s¯ A-dn-bn-¨-Xv.
c-k-X-{´-¯n-\v s\m-ss_ð k-½m-\w c-ïv X-h-W t\-Sn-bn-«p-Å G-I im-kv-{X-Ú-\m-Wv s{^-U-dn-Iv kmw-KÀ. 1958 epw 1980 ep-am-Ww kmwK-sd tX-Sn t\m-ss_ð ]p-c-kv-Im-cw F-¯n-bXv. Aant\m B-kn-Up-IÄ tNÀ-óv C³-kp-eo³ F§-s\ D-ïm-Ip-óp F-óv I-sï-¯n-b-Xn-\m-Wv B-Zy-am-bn kmw-K-dn-\v s\m-ss_ð k-½m-\w e-`n-¨-Xv. Cu I-ïs¯-tem-sS-bm-Wv i-co-c-¯n-se t{]m-«o-\pI-sf hn-i-Ie-\w sN-¿m-\p-Å amÀ-¤w im-kv{X-tem-I-¯n-\v e-`n-¨-Xv.
P-\-än-Iv tIm-Un-se cm-km-£-c-§Ä hm-bn-s¨-Sp-¡m-\p-Å hn-Zy I-sï-¯n-b-Xn-\m-bn-cp-óp 1980 ð kmwK-sd tX-Sn c-ïm-a-Xpw s\m-ss_ð e-`n-¨Xv. C-Xn-eq-sS-bm-Wv Po-hn-I-fp-sS P-\n-X-I-tIm-Uv hm-bn-s¨-Sp-¡m³ im-kv{X-tem-I-X-Xn-\v B-b-Xv. 1990I-fp-sS Xp-S-¡-¯nð lyq-a³ Po-t\mw t{]mP-Îv km-[y-am-¡m³ im-kv{X-temI-s¯ ]-cym-]v-X-am-¡n-bXpw Cu I-ïp-]n-Sp-¯w X-só.
im-kv-{X-¯n-\v th-ïn k-aÀ-¸n-¨ Po-hn-X-am-bn-cp-óp kmw-K-dp-tS-Xv. 1918 B-K-Ìv aq-ón-\v Cw-¥-ïn-se sd³Uv-tIm-¼n-em-Wv kmw-KÀ P-\n-¨Xv. ho-«p-ImÀ tUm-Î-dm-Im³ \nÀ-_-Ôn-s¨-¦nepw tIw-{_n-Uv-Pv bq-Wn-th-gv-kn-än-bn-se _-tbm-sI-an-kv{Sn ]T-\-t¯m-sS im-kv-{X-Ú-\m-Im-\m-bn-cp-óp kmw-KÀ Xo-cp-am-\nv-N-Xv. 1939 ð _n-cp-Zw t\Sn-b kmw-KÀ 1943 ð tIw-{_n-Uv-Pnð \n-óv tUm-Î-td-äv t\-Sp-I-bp-ïmbn.
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