hn-a-XÀ Io-g-S¡n-b Xn-{In-Xv ]«-Ww Xn-cn-sI ]n-Sn-¡m³ ssk\yw A-{Ia-Ww cq-£-am-¡n-b-tXm-sS kp-ón `o-I-cÀ B-ip-]-{Xn-bnð H-fn-¨-Xm-bn dn-t¸mÀ-«p-IÄ. B-ip-]-{Xn-bv-¡ sh-fn-bnð C-t¸mgpw i-à-am-b sh-Sn-sh-bv-]v \-S-¯p-I-bmWv. C-tXm-sS B-ip-]-{Xn-bv-¡p-Ånð I-gn-bp-ó \m-ev-]-¯n-bm-dv C-´y³ \-gv-kp-am-cp-sS Øn-Xn Iq-Sp-Xð B-i-¦-bn-em-bn. C-h-tcm-Sv B-ip-]{Xn hn-Sm\pw k-ao-]-\-K-camb sam-kq-fn-te-¡v am-dm\pw \nÀ-t±-in-¨-Xm-bn hn-h-c-ap-ïv.
B-ip-]-{Xn-bp-sS \n-b-{´-Ww ap-gp-h-\mbpw hn-a-XÀ G-sä-Sp-¯-Xm-bn \m-«n-te-¡v _-Ô-s¸-« Nn-e \-gv-kp-amÀ A-dn-bn-¨p. B-ip-]-{Xn-bn-ep-ïm-bn-cp-ó _w-¥m-tZ-in \-gv-kp-am-sc ap-gp-h³ _w-¥m-tZ-iv kÀ-¡mÀ ap³ssI F-Sp-¯v C-hn-sS \n-óv c-£-s]-Sp-¯n-b-Xm-bn C-hÀ ]-dªp. X§-sf c-£-s]-Sp-¯m-\m-bn C-Xph-sc k-À-¡m-cn-sâ `mK-¯v \n-óv ^-e-{]-Zam-b C-S-s]-Sð D-ïm-bn-«n-sñópw a-e-bm-fn \-gv-kp-amÀ A-dn-bn-¨p.
B-ip-]-{Xn-bv-¡v sh-fn-bnð i-àam-b sh-Sn-sh-bv-]v \-S-¡p-ó-Xn-\mð Cv-hÀ-¡v ]p-d-¯nd-§n c-£-s]-Sm-\p-Å A-h-k-c-anñ. ]-e {]-[m-\-]-«-W-§fpw hn-a-X-cp-sS ]n-Sn-bnð B-b-Xn-\mð tdm-Uv amÀ-¤-ap-Å bm-{X kp-c-£n-X-añm-¯-Xm-Wv C-h-cp-sS H-gn-¸n-¡ð ssh-Im-\p-Å Im-cWw. Xn-{In-Xnð t]m-cm-«w I\-¯-tXm-sS Ch-sc C-hn-sS-\n-óv c-£n-¡m-\p-Å A-hkm-\ h-gnbpw A-S-ªn-cn-¡p-I-bmWv. _m-Kv-Zm-Zv hn-am-\-¯m-h-f-¯n-te-¡v t]m-Ipó tdm-Uv amÀ-¤w kp-c-£n-X-am-bmð Ch-sc C-hn-sS \n-ó H-gn-¸n-¡m-sa-óm-bn-cp-óp C-´y³ A-[n-Ir-XÀ A-dn-bn-¨n-cp-ó-Xv.
hn-a-XÀ A-ip-]-{Xn-bnð H-fn-¨-Xm-bn dn-t¸mÀ-«v h-ó-tXm-sS ssk-\yw B-ip-]{Xn h-f-ª-Xm-bpw sh-Sn-sh-bv-]v \-S-¯p-ó-Xmbpw dn-t¸mÀ-«p-I-fpïv. C-Xv D-Ånð I-gn-bp-ó \-gv-kp-am-cp-sS Øn-Xn-sb Ip-dn-¨v B-i-¦ D-bÀ-¯p-óp. hn-a-XÀ \-gv-kp-am-sc a-\p-jy-I-h-N-am¡ptam F-ó B-i-¦-bpw Dïv. kw-LÀ-j-¯n-sâ B-Zy-\m-fp-I-fnð \m-«n-te-¡v a-S-§m³ ]-ecpw Xmð-¸cyw {]-I-Sn-¸n-¨n-sñ-¦nepw \n-e-hnð C-hn-sS-bp-Å Fñm \-gv-kp-amÀ-¡pw F-{Xbpw th-Kw \m-«n-se-¯n-¡-W-sa-ó At]-£ am-{X-am-Wv D-Å-Xv.
\-gv-kp-amÀ kp-c-£n-X-cm-Wv F-óv hn-tZ-i-Im-cy h-àm-hv k-¿n-Zv A-Iv-_-dp-±o³ B-hÀ-¯n¨p. F-ómð _-µn-I-fm-¡n-b 39 C-´y-¡m-cp-sS Im-cy-s¯-Ip-dn-¨v Iq-Sp-X-semópw Av-t±-lw sh-fn-s¸-Sp-¯n-bn-«nñ. Có-se C-´y-bn-se¯n-b bpF-kv dn-¸-»n-¡³ sk-\-äÀ tPm¬ a-s¡-bv-\p-am-bn C-dm-Jv hnj-bw hn-tZ-i-Im-cy a{´n kp-j-am-kz-cm-Pv kw-km-cn-¯n-«p-ïvv.
C-Xn-\n-sS C-dm-Jnð kw-LÀ-jw cq-£am-b {]-tZ-i-§-fnð \n-óv C-ó-se 530 C-´y-¡m-sc \m-«n-se-¯n-¨-Xm-bn hn-tZ-i-Im-cy a-{´me-bw hy-à-am¡n. C-dm-Jn-se \-P-^nð \n-óm-Wv Iq-Sp-Xð t]cpw a-S-§n-b-Xv. 850 Hm-fw t]-cp-sS bm-{Xm-tc-J-IÄ i-cn-bm¡n-sIm-ïn-cn-¡p-I-bm-sWópw hn-tZ-i-Im-cy a-{´me-bw A-dn-bn-¨p.
\n-b-a-hn-cp-²-am-bn F-¯n-b-hÀ, Im-emh-[n I-gn-ªpw A-\-[n-Ir-X-am-bn X-§n-b-hÀ Xp-S-§n-h-cp-sS bm-{Xm-tc-J-I-fm-Wv i-cn-bm¡n-sIm-ïn-cn-¡p-óXv. ]n-g-b-S-bv-t¡-ïp-ó tI-kp-I-fnð C-´y³ \-b-X-{´-Im-cyme-bw I-½yq-Wn-än ^-ïnð \nóvv [-\-k-lm-bw \ð-Ip-ópïv.
cm-Py-¯v bp-²w A-h-km-\n-¸n-¡m-\m-bn {]-[m-\-a{´n \q-dn Að am-en-¡n cm-Py-¯v s]m-Xp-am-¸v {]-Jym-]n¨p. cm-Pyw kw-LÀ-jm-hØ-sb t\-cn-Sp-ó km-l-N-cy-¯nð kzX-{´ cmPyw Øm-]n-¡m-\p-Å IpÀ-±n-jv hn-`m-K-¯n-sâ \o¡-s¯ \q-dn Að-am-en-¡n i-à-am-bn F-XnÀ¯p. cm-Py-¯nsâ sF-Iy-¯n-\m-bn `n-ó-X am-änh-¨p tKm-{X t\-Xm-¡Ä H-cp-an-¨v t]m-cm-S-W-sa-óv A-t±-lw B-h-iy-s¸«p.
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