\yq-Uð-ln: _n-kn-\Êpw {In-¡-ä-pw C-c-« s]-ä sS-Ìv Syq-_v in-ip-hm-bn-cp-óp 2008 ð e-fn-Xv tam-Un-bp-sS X-e-bnð C-XÄ hn-cn-ª C³-Uy³ {]o-an-bÀ eoKv. hn-c-kam-b sS-Ìv am-¨p-I-fpw, ka-bw sImñp-ó G-I-Zn-\hpw I-ïv io-en-¨ {In¡-äv t{]-an-IÄ-¡v e-`n¨ t_mW-kv t]m-bnâm-bn-cp-óp H-ó-c a-Wn-¡q-dn-\p-f-fnð Xo-cp-am-\-am-Ip-ó Ip-«n {In-¡äv.t\À-¡p t\-tc I-ïmð ]m¼pw Io-cn-bp-am-bn-cp-ó lÀ-`-P-s\bpw ssk-a-ïvkn-s\-bp-sañmw H-tc Ip-c-bn-ð H-cp-an-¸n-¡m-\mb-Xv e-fn-Xv tam-Un-bp-sS hnP-bw X-só-bm-bn-cpóp.
Cw-¥-ïnð 1887 ð ap-Xð \n-e-hn-ep-ï-mbn-cp-ó Nn-bÀ-tKÄ-kn-s\ C³-Uy-bnð A-h-X-cn-¸n-¨-Xn-sâ s{I-Unäpw tam-Un-bv-¡v A-h-Im-i-s¸-Sm-hp-ó-XmWv.A-Xv-e-än-Iv a-Õ-c-¯n-sâ `m-K-am-bn kw-L-Sn-¸n-¡-s¸-«n-cp-ó Nn-bÀ-tKÄ-kn-s\ ]-W-sIm-gp-¸n-sâbpw B-Uw-_-c-¯n-sâbpw {]-Xo-Iam-b Ip-«n-{In-¡-änð tam-Un ]-dn-¨p \«p.H-¯n-cn hn-hm-Z-§Ä¡pw C³-Uy-bnð Nn-bÀ-tKÄ-kn-sâ hc-hv h-gn sX-fn-bn¨p.C³-Uy³ kw-kv-Im-c-s¯ {h-W-s¸-Sp-¯p-ó H-óm-bn Nn-bÀtKÄ-kvhym-Jym-\n-¡-s¸-«p. kv-{Xo-Xz-s¯ tam-i-am-bn Nn-{Xn-I-cn-¡p-óp F-óv ]-cm-Xn-s¸-«v H-¯n-cn kv{Xo]-£ kw-L-S-\-IÄ ap-tóm-«p h-só-¦nepw Nn-bÀ-tKÄ-kv sF-]n-Fñn-sâ Ìmä-kv knw-_-em-b-Xn-\mð \n-tcm-[n-¡m³ BÀ¡pw ss[-cy-ap-ïm-bnñ.B-tcm-]-W-§-fnð a-\w a-Sp-¯v ]p-s\ hm-cn-tb-gv-kv C³Uym X-§-fp-sS Nn-bÀ-tKÄ-kn-s\ Xp-Wn-sb-Sp-¸n¨-Xv {In¡-äv t{]-an-IÄ-¡v A-{X cp-Nn-Nn-cp-ónñ.A-ev-]-h-kv-{X [m-c-Wn-Ifm-b kpµ-cn s]¬-Ip-«n-IÄ {In-¡-äv t{]-an-I-sf el-cn ]n-Sn-¸n-¡m³ C-\n I-fw \n-d-bnñ. a-e-bm-f-n Xm-cw {io-im-´v DÄ-s¸-« H-¯pIfn hn-hm-Zw {In-¡-än-sâ IoÀ-¯n-s¡m¸w Cu kp-µ-cn-Ip-«n-I-fp-sS \r-¯-s¯bpw I-hÀ-só-Sp-¯n-cn-¡póp.
sF-]n-Fñn-s\ Ip-fn-¸n-¨v Ip-«-¸-\m-¡n-sb-Sp-¡m³ _n-kn-kn-sF ]p-d-s¸-Sp-¸n-hn-¨ ]-{´-ïp hn-izm-k {]-am-W-§-fnð H-óm-a-Xm-Wv Nn-bÀ-tKÄ-kn-s\ ]-Sn-bS-¨p ]n-Þw h-bv-¡ð.sF-]n-Fñn-se cm-]mÀ-«n-IÄ-¡p-f-f \n-tcm-[-\w.I-fn-¡mÀ-¡p-f-f I-\-¯ A-¨S-¡w ]Tn-¸n-¡m-\p-f-f \-S-]-SnIÄ, sam-ss_ð t^m-Wn-ep-f-f \n-tcm[-\w Xp-S-§n-b-h A-Sp-¯ ko-k¬ ap-Xð \-S-¸n-em-¡m³ _n-kn-kn-sF Xo-cp-am-\n-¨p I-gnªp.cm-]mÀ-«nbpw Nn-bÀ-tKÄ-kn-sâ Um³kpw H-s¡-bm-bn B-tLm-j Xn-aÀ-¸n-em-bn-cp-ó sF-]n-Fð ]«m-f Iym-¼v BIptam Fópw I-ï-dn-b-Ww.F-s´m-s¡ B-bmepw Nn-bÀ tKÄ-knñm-¯ sF-]n-F-ñn-sâ sIm-gp-¸v Ip-dbpw Fópw X-só-bm-Wv A-Wn-b-d kw-kmcw.
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