I-Ì-ta-gv-kn-s\ t^m-Wn-ð hn-fn-¨ F³-]-h-dn-\v ]-Wn In-«n

amÀ-¡-änw-Kn-sâ `m-K-am-bn D-]-t`m-àm¡-sf t^m-Wnð hn-fn-¨ F-\À-Pn I¼-\n F³-]-h-dn-\v 60,000 ]u-ïn-sâ ]n-g. F-\À-Pn sd-Kp-te-ädm-b Hm^v-tIm-am-Wv \n-tcm-[n-¡-s¸-« tIm-fp-IÄ hn-fn-¨-Xn-\v F³ ]-h-dn-\v ]n-g-Np-a-¯n-bXv. I-gn-ª hÀ-j-am-Wv C-Xn-\v B-[m-cam-b kw`-hw \-S-ó-Xv. F³ ]-h-dn-sâ amÀ-¡-änw-Kn-sâ `m-K-am-bn G-gv B-gv-N-¡m-e-t¯m-f-am-Wv F³ ]-hÀ 1700 D-]-t`m-àm-¡Ä-¡v Im-fp-Ifpw sa-tk-Pp-Ifpw B-b-¨Xv. C-Xph-gn F³ ]-hÀ I-gn-ª hÀ-jw am-{Xw 300 an-ey-Wn-sâ em-`w D-ïm-¡n-b-Xmbn Hm-^v-tImw I-sï-¯n-bn-cpóp.

Hm-^v tIm-an-sâ \nb-aw A-\p-k-cn-¨v amÀ-¡-änw-Kv Iïâv A-S§n-b Im-fp-I-fpw sa-tk-Pp-Ifpw A-b-¡p-ó-Xn-\v ]-cn-[n-bpïv. F-ómð Hm^v-tImw \-S¯n-b ]-cn-tim-[-\-bnð Zn-h-khpw A-b-¡m-hpó tIm-fp-I-fp-tSbpw sa-tk-Pp-I-fp-tSbpw ]-cn-[n aq-óv i-X-am-\w A-[n-I-am-b-Xm-bn I-sï-¯n-bn-cpóp. I-gn-ª hÀ-jw s^-{_ph-cn H-ón\pw amÀ-¨v 21 \pw C-S-bnð F-«v X-h-W C-¯-c-¯nð F³ ]hÀ ]-cn-[n ew-Ln-¨-Xmbn Hm-^v tImw I-sï-¯n-bn-cpóp.

H-cp sd-t¡mÀU-Uv sa-tk-Pm-Wv F³ ]-hÀ D-]-t`m-àm-¡-sf hn-fn-¡p-ó k-ab-¯v t¹ sN-bv-Xn-cp-ó-sXópw Hm-^v tImw I-sï¯n. ImÄ skâ-dnð a-Xnbm-b Po-h-\-¡mÀ Cñm-¯-Xn-\m-em-Wv C¯-c-sam-cp kw-hn-[m-\w GÀ-s¸-Sp-t¯-ïn h-ó-Xv. 1906 t^m¬ tIm-fp-I-Ä C-¯-c-¯nð hn-fn-¨-Xmbpw Hm-^v-tImw I-sï¯n.