hn-{i-an-t¡-ï {]m-b-¯nð Ip-Spw-_-`m-cw Np-a-¡p-ó kv-{Xo-I-fp-sS F-®-¯nð H-cp Z-i-I-¯n-\n-S-bv-¡v h³ hÀ-²\-hv h-ón-«p-Å-Xm-bn I-W-¡p-IÄ kq-Nn-¸n-¡póp. Ìm-än-Ìn-¡ð h-Ip-¸n-sâ IW-¡v A-\p-k-cn-¨v A-dp]-Xv hb-Êv I-gn-ªn«pw tPm-en sN-¿m³ \nÀ-_-Ôn-X-cm-Ip-ó kv-{Xo-I-fp-sS F-®-¯nð h³ hÀ-²-\-hm-Wv D-ïm-bn-cn-¡p-ó-Xv. 1993 se I-W-¡p-IÄ A-\p-k-cn-¨v 35.1 i-X-am-\w kv-{Xo-IÄ A-dp]-Xv hb-Êv I-gn-ªp tPm-en sN-bv-Xn-cp-óp F-¦nð H-cp-Z-i-I-¯n-\v C-¸p-dw C-Xv 51.1 i-X-am-\-am-Wv.
I-gn-ª \m-ev]-Xv hÀ-j-¯n-\p-Ånð tPm-en sN-bv-Xv Ip-Spw-_w ]p-eÀ-¯p-ó ]p-cp-j³-am-cp-sS F-®-¯nð Ipd-hv h-ón-«p-sï-óv \m-j-Wð Ìm-än-Ìn-Iv-kv h-Ip-¸n-sâ I-W-¡p-IÄ kq-Nn-¸n-¡póp. F-ómð tPm-en-sN-¿p-ó kv-{Xo-I-fp-sS F-Wv-¯nð h³ hÀ-²-\-hm-Wv h-ón-«p-ÅXv. ]-ecpw km-¼¯n-I _p-²n-ap-«pI-sf Xp-SÀ-óv tPm-en-bv-¡v t]m-Im³ \nÀ-_-Ôn-X-cm-hp-I-bm-sWópw I-W-¡p-IÄ kq-Nn-¸n-¡p-óp.
1971 ð 16 \pw 64 \pw C-S-bnð {]m-b-ap-Å 92 i-X-am-\w ]p-cp-j³-amcpw tPm-en-bv-¡v t]m-bn-cp-óp F-¦nð C-óv A-Xv sh-dpw 76 i-X-am-\-amWv. F-ómð 71 Im-e-L-«nð 53 i-X-am-\w kv-{Xo-I-fm-Wv tPm-en-bv-¡v t]m-bn-cp-ó-sX-¦nð C-óv A-Xv 67 i-X-am-\-amWv. hn-hm-ln-Xcm-b kv-{Xo-I-fnð \m-enð aq-óv i-X-am-\-¯n\pw C-óv tPm-en-bp-ïv. 1996 ð C-Xv aq-ónð c-ïv B-bn-cp-óp. km-aq-ln-I-am-bp-ïm-Ip-ó am-ä-am-Wv C-Xn-\v ]n-ón-seóv Hm-F³F-kv kq-Nn-¸n-¡p-óp.
\n-e-hnð {_n-«-\nð sXm-gn-ep-Å ]p-cp-j³-am-cp-sS F-®w 15.3 an-eyWpw kv-{Xo-I-fp-sS F-®w 13.5 an-ey-Wp-amWv. h-cp-ó 15 hÀ-j-¯n-\n-S-bnð sXm-gn-ð ta-J-e-bnð kv-{Xo-IÄ ]p-cp-j³-am-sc I-S-¯n-sh-«p-sa-ópw hn-Z-Kv-²À Nq-ïn-¡m-«póp. hÀ-²n-¨p-h-cp-ó km-¼¯n-I k-½À-±w ]-e kv-{Xo-I-tf-bpw tPm-en-sb-Sp-¡m³ t{]-cn-¸n-¡p-I-bm-Wv F-óv hn-Z-Kv-²À Nq-ïn-¡m-«p-óp.
\n-e-hnð s]³-j³ {]m-bw hÀ-²n-¸n-¡m-\p-Å kÀ-¡mÀ \o-¡hpw A-dp]-Xv I-gn-ª kv-{XoI-sf tPm-en sN-¿m³ t{]-cn-¸n-¡p-sa-óv hn-Z-Kv-²À Nq-ïn-¡m-«p-óp. 2028 Hm-sS s]³-j³ {]m-bw ]-Sn-]-Sn-bm-bn hÀ-²n-¸nv-¨v 67 B-¡m-\m-Wv K-h¬-saâv \o-¡w. dn-«-bÀ sN-¿p-ó kv-{Xo-IÄ-¡v ]n-óo-Sp-Å h-cp-am-\w s]³-j³ Xp-I B-sW-ó-Xn-\mð s]³-j³-{]m-bw hÀ-²n-¸n-¡p-ó-tXm-sS- kv-{Xo-IÄ hoïpw sXm-gnð sN-¿m³ \nÀ-_-Ôn-X-cm-Ipw.
\n-e-hnð k-¼m-Zy-¯n-sâ Ip-d-hpw Ip-d-ª s]³-j\pw h-cp-am-\-¯nð C-Sn-hp-ïm-¡p-ó-Xm-Wv ap-XnÀ-ó kv-{XoI-sf hoïpw tPm-en sN-¿m³ t{]-cn-¸n-¡p-óXv. ap-XnÀ-ó a-¡-sf km-¼-¯n-I-am-bn k-lm-bn-t¡-ïn h-cp-ó-Xpw ]-e-tcbpw tPm-en Xp-S-cm³ t{]-cn-¸n-¡póp. F-ómð ]-Ww k-¼m-Zn-¡p-ó-Xn-t\-¡mÄ k-aq-l-hp-am-bn A-Sp-¯v C-S-]-g-Ip-ó-Xn-\v th-ïn tPm-en sN-¿p-ó kv-{Xo-I-fp-sS F-®-¯nepw hÀ-±-\-hpïv.
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