\nXy-X-bnð A-en-ª \o-Xn-tPym-Xn-Ên-\v {]-Wm-aw

a-\p-jym-h-Im-i-¯n-sâ BÄ-cq-]-am-bn-cpóp ssh-Zy-\m-Y-]p-cw cm-a-¿-À Ir-jv-W-¿³ F-ó dn-«. P-Ìn-kv hn.BÀ Ir-jv-W¿À. \o-Xn-bvv-¡m-bn Pohn-X A-h-km-\w h-sc t]m-cm-Sp-sa-ó X-sâ hm-¡p-Isf A£-cw {]-Xn Po-hn-X-¯-nð ]m-en-¨ a-lm-\m-bn-cp-óp A-t±lw. sIm-¨n-bp-tSbpw tI-c-f-¯n-tâbpw km-aq-ly kmw-kv-Imcn-I cw-K-§-fn-se \n-d-ª km-ón-[y-am-bn-cp-ó A-t±-lw B-ip-]-{Xn-bnð {]-th-in-¡pó-Xv h-sc X-sâ ap-ónð \o-Xn tX-Sn-sb-¯p-óh-sc \n-cm-i-cm-¡n-bn-cp-ónñ. A-[n-Im-c-¯n-tâbpw ]-W-¯n-tâbpw ap-ónð \n-Xn-\n-tj-[n-¡-s¸-Sp-ó-hÀ-¡m-bn Ir-jv-W-¿À Fw-Pn tdm-Unse k-Zv-K-a-b-b F-ó ho-Snsâ hm-Xnð F-t¸mgpw Xp-d-ón-«p.

C-´y-bp-tS-bpw tI-c-f-¯n-tâbpw H-cp \q-äm-ïv \o-fp-ó N-cn-{X-§Ä-¡v Zr-Iv-km-£nbm-b Ir-jv-W-¿À A-dn-hn-sâ H-cp a-lm-km-K-c-am-bn-cpóp. A-dn-hv IqSpw tXmdpw X-e-Ip-\n-bp-sa-ó a-l-¯p-¡-fp-sS hN-\w A-Sp-¸-ap-Å-hÀ-¡v kzm-anbm-b A-t±l-s¯ H-cn-¡-se-¦nepw ]-cn-N-b-s¸-«n-«p-Å-hÀ-¡v t_m-[y-s¸-Sp-Ibpw sN-¿pw. A-`n-`m-jI³, Fw-Fð-F,a-{´n, \ym-bm-[n-]³, s]m-Xp-{]-hÀ-¯I³, ]-cn-Øn-Xn hmZn, F-gp-¯p-Imc³, {]-`m-j-I³ … A-t±-lw ssI-sh-bv-¡m-¯ ta-J-e-IÄ Ip-d-hm-bn-cpóp. hm-¡p-I-fnð H-Xp-¡n \nÀ-¯m-\m-Inñ Ir-jv-W-¿À F-ó a-lm-\p-`m-h-s\….

1915ð ]m-e-¡m-s« Ið-¸m-¯n ]p-g-bp-sS Xo-c-¯p-Å ti-J-cn-]q-cw F-ó {Km-a-¯n-em-bn-cp-óp I-r-jv-W-¿-cp-sS P-\\w. A-ѳ hn.hn. cm-a-¿À X-e-tÈ-cn _m-dn-se A-`n-`m-j-I-\m-bn-cpóp. A-½ \m-cmb-Wn A-½mÄ. sIm-bn-em-ïn-bn-se kÀ-¡mÀ kv-Iq-fnð ]Tn-¨ Ir-jv-W-¿À sa-{Sn-¡p-te-j³ ]mÊm-b ti-jw ]m-e-¡m-Sv hn-tÎm-dnb tIm-f-Pnð CâÀ-ao-Un-b-än-\v tNÀóp. Xp-SÀ-óv A-®m-a-e bq-Wn-th-gv-kn-än-bnð _n-F-bv-¡v tNÀ-óp. 1935 ð a-{Zm-kv bq-Wn-th-gv-kn-än-bnð \n-óv \n-b-a-_n-cp-Zw k-¼m-Zn-¨p.Xp-SÀ-óv A-Ñ-sâ ]m-X ]n-´p-SÀ-óv X-e-tÈ-cn _m-dnð A-`n-`m-j-I-\mbn.

C-S-Xp-]-£ A-\p-`m-hn-bm-bn-cp-ó Ir-jv-W-¿À A-óv h-S-t¡-a-e-_m-dn-se IÀj-Iþ sXm-gn-em-fn k-a-c-§Ä kw-_-Ôn-¨ an-¡-hmdpw {In-an-\ð tI-kp-IÄ hm-Zn-¨n-cp-óp. t]m-kv-äð k-a-c-¯nð F-sI-Pn-bv-¡v th-ïn hm-Zn-¨-tXm-sS-bm-Wv A-t±-lw C-S-Xp-]-£-t¯m-Sv G-sd A-Sp-¡p-óXv. Po-hn-X A-h-km-\w h-sc A-t±-lw X-sâ C-S-Xp-]-£ A-\p-`m-hw Xp-S-cp-I-bpw sN-bv-Xp. Nn-´-bnepw Po-hn-X-¯nepw I-d-I-f-ª I-½yq-Wn-Ìm-b A-t±ls¯ ]n-óo-Sv H-cp dm-Un-¡ð lyq-a-\n-Ìm-bn-«m-Wv k-aq-lw hn-ti-jn-¸n-¨-Xv.

1962 ð a-{Zm-kv \n-b-a-k-`-bn-te-¡v Xn-c-sª-Sp-¡-s¸«p-sIm-ïv Ir-jv-W-¿À cm-{ão-b-¯n-te-¡v {]-th-in¨p. ]n-óo-Sv 1957 ð B-Zy tIc-fm \n-b-ak-`m Xn-c-sª-Sp-¸nð X-e-tÈ-cn-bnð \n-óv I-½yq-Wn-Ìv kz-X-{´-\m-bn hn-P-bn¨p. Cw-F-wF-kv \-¼q-Xn-cn-¸m-Sn-sâ {]-Y-a-a-{´n-k-`-bnð Iym-_n\-äv a-{´n-bp-ambn. a-{´n-k-`-bnð A-t±l-s¯ Im-¯n-cpó-Xv {]-[m-\-s¸-« h-Ip-¸p-IÄ. \n-baw, P-bnð, km-aq-ly-t£aw, ssh-ZypXn, P-e-tk-N\w, DÄ-\m-S³ K-Xm-KXw, B-`y-´cw, \o-Xn-\ym-bw XpS-§n X-{´-{]-[m-\am-b h-Ip-¸p-IÄ A-t±-lw ssI-Imcyw sN-bvXp. ]n-óo-Sv hn-tam-N-\-k-a-c-w sIm-Sp-¼ncn-sIm-ï-t¸mÄ tI-c-f-¯n-se km-l-N-cy-§Ä {]-[m-\-a{´n P-h-lÀ-emð s\-lv-dp-hn-s\ I-ïv [-cn-¸n-t¡-ï Np-a-X-e-bpw A-t±-l-¯n-\v h-óv tNÀóp. ]n-óo-Sv \n-ba-k-` ]n-cn-¨p-hn-«-Xv N-cn-{Xw. 1960 ð \-S-ó \n-b-ak-`m Xn-c-sª-Sp-¸nð Ir-jv-W-¿À tXm-sä-¦nepw ]n-óo-Sv C-e-£³ ss{S-_yq-W-enð \ðIn-b tI-knð A-t±-lw hn-P-bn-¨-Xm-bn {]-Jym-]n-¡-s¸«p. A-Xn-\v ti-jw ]mÀ-e-saâv Po-hn-Xw a-Xn-bm¡n-b A-t±-lw Xn-cn-¨v \o-Xn-\ym-b cw-K-¯v X-só {i-² tI-{µo-I-cn-¨p.

h-¡m-e-¯n-\v ]-W-anñm¯-Xv sIm-ïv am{Xw Bcpw in-£n-¡-s¸-Sm³ ]m-Sn-sñ-óv A-t±-l-¯n-\v \nÀ-_-Ô-am-bn-cp-óp

1968em-Wv A-t±-lw tI-c-f ssl-t¡m-S-Xn P-Uv-Pn-bmbn. A-óv \ym-bm-[n]-sâ ]Z-hn G-sä-Sp¡pw ap³-]v Ir-jv-W-¿À C-Fw-F-kn-s\ k-µÀ-in¨p. h-tc-Wy hÀ-¤-¯n-\m-bn-«ñm-sX P-\-§-fp-sS hn-tam-N-\-¯n-\m-bn P-Uv-Pn-bp-sS ]Z-hn D-]-tbm-Kn-¡m-\m-bn-cp-óp Cw-Fw-F-kn-sâ D-]-tZiw. \o-Xnbpw \ym-bhpw A-Wp-hn-sS sX-äm-sX A-t±-lw X-¿m-dm¡n-b hn-[n-I-sfm-s¡bpw N-cn-{X-¯n-sâ `m-K-am-Wv. a-\p-jy-]£-¯v \nð-¡p-ó-h-bm-Wv A-t±-l-¯n-sâ hn-[n-I-fn-tem-tcm-ópw. aq-óv hÀ-jw tI-c-f ssl-t¡m-S-Xn-bnð P-Uv-Pn-bm-bn-cp-ó A-t±-lw 1973 ð tem I-½o-j³ Aw-K-am-bn Uð-ln-bn-te-¡v X-sâ X«-Iw am-än. I-½yq-Wn-kv-äv A-\p-`m-hn F-óv s]m-Xp-th A-dn-b-s¸-« Ir-jv-W-¿À kq-{]ow tImS-Xn P-Uv-Pn-bm-Ip-ó-Xn-s\-Xn-tc BZyw F-XnÀ-¸p-IÄ D-bÀ-ón-cp-óp F-¦n-epw 1973 ð A-t±-lw cm-Py-s¯ ]-c-tam-ó-X \o-Xn-]nT-¯n-se-¯n.

1975 ð C-µn-cm-Km-Ôn-bv-¡v F-Xn-tc P-Ìn-kv Ir-jv-W-¿À hn-[n ]p-d-s¸-Sp-hn-¨v a-Wn-¡q-d-IÄ¡-Iw C-µn-cm-Km-Ôn C-´y-bnð A-Sn-b-´n-cm-h-Ø {]-Jym-]n-¨p. A-[n-Im-c-Øm-\-¯n-cn-¡p-ó-hÀ-¡v th-ïn \nb-aw h-f-s¨m-Sn-¡p-ó Ime-¯v \-o-Xn-bp-sS {]-Im-i-tKm-]p-c-am-bn G-g-c-s¡mñw A-t±-lw kp-{]o-tIm-S-Xn-bnð tkh-\w A-\p-ãn-¨p. kp-{]ow-tImS-Xn P-Uv-Pn B-bn-cn-t¡ h-¡m-e-¯n-\v ]-W-anñm¯-Xv sIm-ïv am{Xw Bcpw in-£n-¡-s¸-Sm³ ]m-Sn-sñ-óv A-t±-l-¯n-\v \nÀ-_-Ô-am-bn-cp-óp. `-c-W-L-S-\-bp-sS A-\p-tÑ-Zw 21 hym-Jym-\n¨p-sIm-ïv km-[m-c-W-¡mc-\v ku-P-\y \n-b-a-k-lm-bw \ð-I-W-sa-óv Ir-j-W-¿À DÄ-s¸« tIm-S-Xn_-ôv kw-Øm\-§-tfm-Sv \n-À-t±-in-¡p-I-bm-bn-cpóp. X-S-hp-ImÀ-¡v a-\p-jz-Xz-¯n-sâ ap-Jw Im-Wn¨p-sIm-Sp-¯Xpw Ir-jv-W-¿-cm-bn-cpóp. X-S-hp-Im-sc a-\p-jy-cm-¡n I-W-¡m-¡-W-sa-ó A-t±-l-¯nsâ hn-[n-bm-Wv ]-e kw-Øm-\-§-fnepw X-S-h-d-sb-ó \-c-I-w ]-cn-jv-I-cn-¡m³ C-S-bm-¡n-b-Xv.

h-[-in-£-bv-s¡-Xn-tc C-´y-bnð D-bÀ-óp-tI-« i-Ð-§-fn-sem-óm-bn-cp-óp Ir-jv-W-¿-cp-tSXv. Xq¡n-sImñpó-Xv Hu-tZymKn-I h-[-am-sW-óm-bn-cp-óp A-t±-l-¯n-sâ ]£w. \nb-aw km-[m-c-W-¡mc-\v a-\-Ên-em¡n-sIm-Sp-t¡-ï-Xn-sâ B-h-iy-I-X am-äm-tc-¡mfpw t_m-[y-ap-ïm-bn-cp-ó hy-àn-bm-Wv Ir-j-W¿À. \n-b-a-\nÀ-½m-W-¯n-sâ em-fn-Xy-¯n-eq-sS am{Xw \n-ba-s¯ {]m-tbm-Kn-I-X-bn-se-¯n-¡p-hm³ km-[n-¡q F-óv A-t±-lw D-d-¨p-hn-iz-kn¨p.

dn-«-bÀ-sa-sâ-ómð Kr-l-`-c-W-a-sñ-ópw X-sâ Po-hn-Xw \o-Xn-bv¡pw a-\p-jym-h-Im-i-¯n-\p-am-bn am-än-h-¨-Xm-sWópw Ir-jv-W-¿À-¡v t_m-[y-am-b-tXm-sS A-t±-lw kz-bw Xn-c-¡p-I-fn-te-¡v A-gv-ón-d-§n. P-\m-[n-]-Xy-¯n-sâ \m-ev ta-J-e-I-fnepw X-tâXm-b hy-àn-ap-{Z ]-Xn-¸n-¨ hy-àn-bm-bn-cp-óp A-t±lw. tI-c-fw t\-cn-« Hmtcm {]-iv-\-¯nepw A-t±-l-¯n-sâ hm-¡p-IÄ-¡m-bn \mw Im-tXmÀ-¯n-cpóp. a-\p-jy-kv-t\-lhpw em-fn-Xyhpw \n-dª B hm-¡p-IÄ a-e-bm-fn-bv-¡v amÀ-¤-Z-À-i-I-am-bn-cpóp.

hm-b-\ e-l-cn-bm-bn-cp-ó Ir-jv-W-¿-cp-sS Xq-en-I-Xp-¼nð- \n-óv tem-I-¯n-\v In-«nb-Xv A-dp-]-tXm-fw a-l-Zv-{K-Ù-§-fmWv. F-gp-¯v Av-t±-l-¯n-\v H-cp k-]-cy-bm-bn-cpóp. A\m-tcmKyw A-e«n-b k-a-b¯pw k-lm-bn-IÄ A-t±l-s¯ ]-{X-§fpw B-\p-Im-en-I-§fpw ap-S-§m-sX hm-bn-¨p tIÄ-¸n-¨p. A-t±-lw ]-d-bpó-Xv ap-gp-h³ sÌ-t\m-{Km-^À A-tX]-Sn A-£-c-§-fn-em-¡n. 2014 \-hw-_À 15 \v A-t±-lw \qdmw ]n-d-ómÄ B-tLm-jn-¡p-I-bp-ïm-bn.

sIm-¨n-bp-tSbpw tI-c-f-¯n-tâ-bpw s]m-Xp-Po-hn-X-¯n-se k-Po-h-km-ón-[y-am-bn-cp-óp Ir-jv-W-¿À. tI-c-f-¯n-se \n-ch-[n kw-L-S-\-I-fp-sS c-£-IÀ-Xr-]Z-hn A-t±-l-¯n-\v kz-´-am-bn-cpóp. tI-c-f-¯n-se kmw-kv-Im-cn-I \-`-Ênð Pz-en-¨p \n-ón-cp-ó Cu \o-Xn-bp-sS sh-fn-¨w A-kv-X-an-¡p-t¼mÄ \-ap-¡v \-ã-am-Ipó-Xv \o-Xn-]oT-s¯ km-[m-c-W-¡mc-sâ B-{i-b-am-¡n amän-b H-cp A-]qÀ-Æ a-\p-jy-kv-t\-ln-sb BWv.