iXm-`n-tj-I-¯n-sâ \n-d-hnð Fw.Fw tP-¡_v, B-tLm-j-am-¡m³ cm-a-]p-c-¯p-ImÀ

hn-ti-j-W-§Ä Cñm-¯ t\-Xmhv. tIm¬-{K-kv cm-{ãob-s¯ ]-cm-aÀ-in-¡p-t¼mÄ Fw.Fw tP¡-_v F-ó cm-{ão-b t\-Xm-hn-s\¸-än ]-d-bm-sX h-¿. hnZym k-¼-¯p-sImïpw I-gn-hp-sImïpw ]m-em cm-a-]p-c-¯p-Im-c³ ap-ï-bv-¡ð amXyp tP¡-_v F-ó Fw.Fw tP¡_v A-\p-{K-lo-X-\m-sW-¦nð A-t±-lw -Htcm tI-c-fo-b-sâbpw a-\-Ênð C-Sw-]n-Sn-¡pó-Xv X-sâ A-\p-`-h-k-¼-¯p-sIm-ïm-bn-cn-¡pw. cm-{ão-b-¡m-c-s\-ó-Xn-e-¸p-dw `-c-W-cw-K¯pw hn-Z-Kv-[³. hn-hm-Z-§Ä-¡v C-Sw-\ð-Im-¯ Fw.Fw tP¡-_v X-sâ cm-{ão-b Po-hn-X-¯nsâ Hmtcm ]-Sn-Ifpw N-hn-«n-¡-b-dp-t¼mÄ B hy-àn-Xz-¯n-\v C-t¸mÄ i-Xm-`n-tj-I-¯nsâ \n-d-hv.

tIm¬-{K-kn-sâ hn-P-b-¯n-sâbpw ]-cm-P-b-¯n-sâbpw Zn-\-§Ä t\m-¡n I-ï t\-Xm-hm-Wv Fw. Fw tP-¡-_v. cm-a-]p-cw F-ó \m-«n³-]p-d-¯p-\nópw km-aq-ly tkh-\w {]-hÀ-¯n-]-Z-¯n-te-¡v B-hm-ln-¨p. {]m-bw 85 te-¡v F-¯p-t¼mgpw A-Xv Xp-S-cpóp. sN-dp-¸m-¡m-c-s\-ó \n-e-bnð Fw.Fw tP¡-_v F-ó cm-{ão-b-¡m-c-³ Xsâ anI-hv sX-fn-bn-¨p Xp-S-§n.

1928 B-K-Ìv  9 \m-bn-cp-óp Fw.Fw tP-¡-_n-sâ P-\-\w. 20þmw h-b-Ên-em-bn-cp-óp cm-{ão-bw {]-th-i\w. kw-ip-²\m-b cm-{ão-b-¡mc-sâ Ip-¸m-b-a-Wn-bm³ Xp-S-§n-bn-«v 65 hÀ-j-§Ä ]n-ón-«n-cn-¡póp. Cu Im-e-a-{Xbpw A-t±-lw- h-ln-¨ ]-Z-hn-IÄ ]-d-ªmð Xo-cnñ. Xn-cp-h-\-´-]p-cw bq-Wn-thgv-kn-än tIm-fPv, tX-h-c tk-{I-«v lmÀ-«v tIm-fPv, a-{Zm-kn-se se-tbm-f tImf-Pv, e-Iv-\u bq-Wn-th-gv-kn-än F-ón-hn-S-§-fn-em-bn-cp-óp hn-Zym-`ymkw. h-cp-w-Ime-¯v X-sâ A-\p-`-h-k-¼-¯n-\v ssI-ap-X-te-Im³ \n-b-a-¯nð _n-cp-Z-hpw, s]-fn-än-¡ð k-b³-knð _n-cp-Zm-\-´-c-_n-cp-Zhpw At±lw k-¼m-Zn-¨p. 1952 ð tI-c-f ssl-t¡m-S-Xn-bn-em-Wv tP¡-_v A-`n-`m-j-I-\m-bn F-³-tdmÄ sN-bv-XXv. H-¸w Nn¡mtKm b-qWn-th-gv-kn-än-bnð \nópw tkm-jyðhÀ-¡nð ]T-\hpw ]qÀ-¯n-bm-¡n. hn-Zym-k¼-¯v Fw.Fw tP-¡-_n-\v F-¯n¨-Xv an-I-¨-sbm-cp {]m-kw-Kn-I-\n-te-¡mWv. {]m-kw-Kn-I-\m-bn a-e-bm-f-¯nepw Cw-¥o-jnepw A-t±-lw Hcp-t]m-se Xn-f-§n.

B-Nm-cy hnt\m-_m-`m-sh-bp-sS Ime-¯v 30I-fn-em-Wv tP-¡_v km-aqlyþ cm-jv-{So-b {]-hÀ-¯-\-§Ä G-ä-hp-a-[n-Iw \-S-¯n-b-Xv. hn-t\m-_m-`m-sh-bp-sS “`qZm³ {]-Øm-\-¯nð’ tP-¡-_v k-Po-h-{]-hÀ-¯-I\m-bn-cpóp. tIm-«-bs¯ am-§m-\w B-{i-a¯nð C-Xp-am-bn _-Ô-s¸-« {]-hÀ-¯-\-§-fp-sS tPm-bnâv sk-{I-«-dn-bm-bn tk-h-\-a-\p-jvTn-¨n-«pïv. 1954ð _o-lmdnð \-S-ó HmÄ C´y `qZm³ tIm¬-^-d³knð {]-Xn-\n-[n-bm-bn ]-s¦-Sp¯p.1954ð `mc-Xv tkh-Iv k-am-Pw F-ó kw-L-S-\bnð tNÀ-óp {]-hÀ-¯n-¨p. P-h-lÀemð s\-lv-dp-hm-bn-cp-óp Aóv k-am-Pw {]-kn-Uâv.

bps\-kv-tIm, _n.F-kv.Fkv. CâÀ-\mj-Wð hÀ-¡v Iymw-]v F-ón-h-bn-se Øn-cw km-ón-[y-am-bn-cp-óp Fw.Fw tP-¡_v. C-Xv X-sâ {]-hÀ¯\ 1960ð CâÀ-\mj-Wð tImÀ-Un-t\-j³ I-½n-än kn-tem-Wn-ð kw-L-Sn-¸n¨ dq-dð U-h-e-]v-saâvhÀ-¡v Iym-¼n-sâ D-]-tZ-i-I-\m-bn-cp-óp . km-aq-ly-tk-h-\-w, sXm-gn-em-fn-t£-aw Fón-h ap³-\nÀ-¯n C´ybnð hn-hn-[-Ø-e-§fnð \-S-ó H-t«-sd Iymw-]p-I-fnsebpw {]-hÀ-¯-\-§-fnsebpw Øn-cw km-ón-[y-hp-am-bn-cpóp.

tXh-c, cm-P-Kn-cn tIm-f-Pp-Ifnð A-[ym-]-I-\mbpw tk-h-\-a-\p-jvTn¨p. H-t«-sd kv-Iq-fp-I-fnepw tIm-f-Pp-I-fnepw km-aq-ly-tk-h-\-s¯ ap³-\n-dp-¯n-bp-Å ¢m-kp-IÄ- \-bn-¨p. tI-c-f kv-tä-äv tIm-¸-td-äo-hv d-ºÀ amÀ-¡-änw-Kv s^-U-td-j³ {]-kn-Uâv (1975þ1981), tIm«-bw Un-kv-{Sn-Îv tIm-¸-td-äo-hv _m-¦v U-b-dÎÀ, ]m-em d-ºÀ amÀ-¡-änw-Kv tIm-¸-td-äo-hv skm-ssk-än U-b-dÎÀ, Nn-{Xte-J ^nenw tIm-¸-td-äo-hv skm-ssk-än U-bd-ÎÀ F-óo \n-e-I-fnepw {]-hÀ-¯n-¨p. Iq-SmsX, ¹m-tâ-j³ tImÀ-¸-td-j³ en-anä-Uv sN-b-À-am³(1974þ78), Hmbnð ]mw C-´y en-an-ä-Uv sN-bÀ-am³(1977þ78), ln-µpØm³ em-ä-Iv-kv sa-¼À (1975þ 78), C´y³ tIm-^n t_mÀ-Uv sa-¼À(1973þ75), C´y³ d-ºÀ-t_mÀ-Uv Aw-Kw, C´y³ H-hÀ-ko-kv _m-¦v U-b-dÎÀ, tI-c-f kv-tääv sd-Uv t{Im-kv skm-ssk-än U-bd-ÎÀ F-óo \n-e-I-fnepw {]-hÀ-¯n¨p. kv-tä-äv Sq-dn-kw A-ssUz-dn t_mÀ-Unepw {]-hÀ-¯n¨p. ^-co-Zm-_m-Zn-se ssh.Fw.kn.F C³-kv-än-äyq-«v Hm-^v F-ôn-\o-b-dnw-Kn-sâ sN-bÀ-am-\mbpw tk-h-\-a-\p-jvTn¨p.

cm-{ão-b-cwK-s¯ X-sâ kw-ip-²n-¡p-Å Aw-Ko-Im-c-am-bn Fw.Fw tP-¡-_v  1982epw  88epw cm-Py-k-`-bn-te-¡v Xn-c-sª-Sp-¡-s¸«p.  84þ85 Im-e-L-«-¯nð k-t_m-Un-t\-äv se-Pn-kv-tfj³ F-ó I-½-än-bp-sS sN-bÀ-am-\mbn. 93þ94 ð B-`y-´-c a-{´m-e-b-¯n-sâ Im-cy-§Ä-¡m-bp-Å sN-bÀ-am\pw. 1986 ð cm-Py-k-` D-]m-[y-£-\m-bn-cpóp. tI-{µ-¯nð ]mÀ-e-saâ-dn Im-cyw, P-e-hn-`hw, B-`y´-cw Xp-S-§nb hnhn-[ h-Ip-¸p-I-fp-sS kl-a-{´n-Øm-\w hln-¨p-sIm-ïv `-c-W-cwK-s¯ X-sâ anI-hv A-t±-lw H-cn-¡ð-IqSn Du-«n-bp-d-¸n¨p. sI.]n.kn-.kn P-\dð sk-{I«-dn, {S-jdÀ, tk-hm-ZÄ sN-bÀ-am³, tIm¬-{K-kn-sâ {]-tXy-b im-kv-{X skñnsâ I¬-ho\À, F.sF.kn-kn sa-¼À F-óo \n-e-I-fnepw A-t±-lw ]mÀ-«n-bnð {i-t²-b-\m-bn. tIm¬-{K-kv ap-J-]-{Xam-b ho-£-W-¯n-sâ am-t\-Pnw-Kv U-b-d-Î-dmbpw {]-hÀ-¯n¨p.1995 epw 2000 ¯nepw c-ïv X-h-W A-t±l-s¯ ta-Jm-e-b K-hÀ-WÀ Øm-\hpw tX-Sn-sb¯n. H-¸w A-t±-lw A-cp-Wm-Nð-{]-tZ-in-sâ Np-a-X-e-bpw h-ln¨p.

Xn-cp-hñ kz-tZ-in\n A-¨m-½ Ip-óp-X-d-bm-Wv Fw.Fw tP-¡-_n-sâ k-l-[À-½nWn.  P-b, sPkn, F-en-k-_¯v, td-bv-¨ð F-ón-hÀ-¡v a-¡-fmWv.

B-bn-cw ]À-®-N-{µ³-am-sc I-ï ]p-Wy-hp-am-bn {]-hÀ-¯-\-ta-J-e-bnð Fw.Fw tP¡_v Xsâ {]-bm-Ww Xp-S-cp-t¼mÄ A-t±-l-¯nsâ i-Xm-`n-tj-Iw Hcp B-tLm-j-am-¡m-\p-Å Hcp-¡-¯n-em-Wv cm-a-]p-c-¯p-ImÀ. A-Xn-\p-Å H-cp-¡hpw A-hÀ XpS§n I-gn-ªp. Fw.Fw tP¡-_v F-ó ap-XnÀó tIm¬-{K-kv t\-Xm-hn-sâ i-Xm-`ntj-I N-S-§nð ]-s¦-Sp-¡m³ tIm¬-{K-kn-sâ tI-{µ t\-Xm-¡-fpÄ-s¸-sS-bp-Å {]-ap-J-cpw Biw-k t\-cm³ cm-a-]p-c-¯p-ïm-Ipw.