B-Imi-s¯ G-ä-hpw {]-Im-i-ap-Å hmð-\-£-{X-s¯ I-sï-¯n-b-Xm-bn im-kv-{XÚÀ. N-{µ-{]`-sb t]mepw \n-jv-{]-`-am-¡m³ X-¡ {]-Im-i-am-Wv ]p-Xp-Xm-bn I-sï¯n-b hmð-\-£-{X-¯n-\p-Å-sX-óv _-ln-cmIm-i im-kv-{X-ÚÀ ]-d-bpóp. d-jy³ _m-ln-cmIm-i im-kv-{X-Ú-cm-Wv A-Sp-¯nsS Cu ]p-Xn-b hmð-\-£-{X-s¯ I-sï-¯n-b-Xv. 2012F-kv1 (sFF-kv-Hm-F³) F-óv t]-cn-«n-cn-¡p-ó Cu hmð-\-£-{Xw `q-an-bnð \n-óv 90 an-ey¬ In-tem-ao-äÀ A-I-se-bmWv. \m-j-Wð Pn-tbm-{K-^n-¡m-Wv ]pXn-b hmð-\-£-{X-s¯ kw-_-Ôn-¨ dn-t¸mÀ-«v {]-kn-²o-I-cn-¨n-cn-¡p-ó-Xv.
\n-e-hnð i-\n-bv¡pw hym-g-¯n\pw C-S-bn-em-Wv hmð-\-£-{X-¯n-sâ Øm\w. F-ómð kq-cy-sâ Kp-cp-Xzm-IÀj-Ww aq-ew hmð-\-£-{Xw kq-cy-\v A-Sp-t¯-¡v h-cp-Ibpw A-Xn-\v ap-I-fn-se sFkpw s]m-Sn-bpw \-ã-am-hp-Ibpw sN-¿p-ó-tXm-sS C-Xn-sâ hm-ev Iq-Sp-Xð {]-Im-i-am-\-am-Ip-sa-óv _-ln-cmIm-i im-kv-{X-ÚÀ ]-d-bp-óp.
F-{X h-en-¸-ap-Å hm-ev e-`n-¡p-óp F-ó-Xn-s\ B-{i-bn-¨n-cn¡pw C-Xn-sâ Xn-f¡w. \n-e-hnð aq-óv In-tem-ao-äÀ h-en-¸-ap-Å Cu hmð-\-£-{Xw 2013 A-h-km-\w ap-Xð 2014 B-Zyw h-sc-bp-Å Np-cp§n-b am-k§-sf `p-an-bnð \n-óv ZÀ-in-¡m-\m-Ip-I-bpÅp. {]-Xo-£n-¡pó t]m-se Ip-d-¨p-Im-ew Po-hn-¨mð N-cn-{X-¯n-se X-só G-ähpw {]-Im-i-ap-Å hmð-\-£-{X-am-bn-cn¡pw C-sX-óv Im-\-U-bn-se F-¨v BÀ a-Iv-an-ey¬ kv-t]-kv skâ-dn-se c-ao-µÀ knw-Kv iÀ-½ \m-j-Wð Pn-tbm-{Km-^n¡n-t\m-Sv ]-d-ªp.
1960kv Zr-iyam-b t{K-äv tIm-a-än-sâ A-tX ]m-X-bn-em-Wv \n-e-hn-se hmð-\-£-{X-h-hpw. 1960ð Zr-iyam-b t{K-äv tIm-a-äm-Wv C-Xph-sc `q-anð \n-óv Im-Wm³ km-[n-¨n-«p-Å-Xn-ð h-¨v G-ä-hpw {]-Im-i-am-\-am-b hmð-\-£-{Xw. sNm-Æ-bp-sS A-cn-Inð Iq-Sn G-I-tZ-iw 10 an-ey¬ In-tem-ao-äÀ Cu hmð-\-£{Xw k-ô-cn-¡p-óp-ïv A-Xn-\mð X-só \m-k-bp-sS ]pXn-b Iyqcn-tbm-kn-än tdm-h-dn-\v hmð-\-£-{X-¯n-sâ an-I-¨ Nn-{X-§Ä ]-IÀ-¯m³ I-gn-bp-sa-óm-Wv I-cp-Xp-óXv. F-ómð hmð-\-£-{X-§-fp-sS Po-hn-X-ssZÀLyw {]-h-Nn-¡m³ ]-äm-¯-Xn-\mð A-h-bp-sS {]-Im-iw kw-_-Ôn-¨p-Å {]-h-N-\-§Ä A-`yq-l-§-fm-sWópw iÀ-½ im-kv-{X-ÚÀ-¡v ap-ó-dn-bn-¸v \ð-Ip-óp.
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