sI.Fkv.BÀ.Sn.knbpw temII¸v ^pSv-t_mfnsâ Bthi¯nseóv tkmjyð aoUnb. kmZriy§Ä Iïp]nSn¡m³, tkmjyð aoUnbbnse hncpXòmcpsS Ignhv A]mcw XsóbmWv. Hcp ]m«nd§nbmð aXn DSs\ X¸nsbSp¯p hcpw B{^n¡bnð \ntóm temI¯nsâ GsX¦nepw tImWnð \ntóm AXnsâ HdnPn\ð. C¯c¡msc sImïv kn\na¡mcpw kwKoXÚcpw s]mdpXpap«nbncn¡pIbmWv. ]s£ C¡pdn ]Wn sI.Fkv.BÀSnkn¡mWv. sI.Fkv. BÀ.Sn.kn _ÊpIfpsS …

bpsI-bn-se an-\n-kv{Sn Hm-^v Un-^³-kv 1060 t]-sc ]n-cn-¨p hn«p. {]Xn-tcm-[ a-{´m-e-b-¯nð \S-óv h-cn-I-bm-bn-cp-ó Po-h-\-¡m-sc sh-«n-¡p-d-bv-¡-en-sâ `m-K-am-bm-Wv ]pXn-b \-S-]-Sn-bpw. Po-h-\-¡m-sc sh-«n-¡p-d-bv-¡-en-sâ `m-K-am-bn BÀ-an-bnð \n-óv 995 t]-cpw, tdm-bð t\-hn-bnð \n-óv 10 t]-cpw, BÀ-F-F-^nð \n-óv 55 t]cpw tPm-en cm-Pn sh-bv-t¡-ïn h-cpw. kÀ-¡m-cn-sâ kv-{Sm-ä-Pn-Iv Un-^³-kv …

]{´ïp thZnIfnembn«mWv temII¸nse 64 aðkc§Ä Act§dpóXv. Ncn{Xapd§pó amc¡m\ apXð Aco\m Un AatkmWnb hsc \ofpóXmWv at\mlcamb Cu thZnIÄ. 1950-ð ]WnXoÀ¯XmWv dntbm Un P\otdmbnse amc¡m\ tÌUnbw. {_koens\ kw_Ôn¨v \-Sp-¡pó HmÀabm-Wv am-c¡m\ tÌUnbw. ChnsSbmWv {_koð 1950-se temII¸p ss^\enð DcqtKztbmSv 2-þ1-\v ]cmPbs¸«-Xv. F¬]Xn\mbncw t]sc …

bpsI-bn-se G-ähpw tam-iw tlm-fntU t^m-t«m-{Km-^À F-ó _-lpa-Xn sIânð \n-óp-Å ap-¯-Èn¡v. s]w-_p-dn-bnð \n-óp-Å sP-bv³ _qÀ-am³ F-ó ap-¯-Èn-bm-Wv Ip-Spw-_-t¯m-sSm-¸w ^v-tfm-dn-U-bv-¡v t]m-b-t¸mÄ Nn{Xw ]-IÀ-¯n-b-Xv. C-hÀ ^v-tfm-dn-U-bv-¡v t]m-b-t¸mÄ Nn-{X-§Ä ]-IÀ-¯m-\m-bn Iym-a-d \ð-Inb-Xv _qÀ-am-\m-bn-cp-óp. ^v-tfm-dn-U-bn-se H-cp Sq-dn-kv-äv tI-{µ-¯nð Ip-«n-I-sfñm-hcpw Iq-Sn Un-kv-\n I-cSn-tbm-sSm-ón-¨v t^m-t«m-bv-¡v t]m-bv sN-bvXp. …

hntZ-i cm-Py-§-fnð \n-óv {_n-«o-jv ]mkv-t]mÀ-«n-\m-bn A-t]-£n-¡ \ð-Ip-ó-h-cp-sS Imcyw C-t¸mÄ ]-cn-K-Wn-t¡-sï-óv ]mkv-t]mÀ-«v Hm-^o-kv Po-h-\-¡mÀ-¡v A-[n-Ir-X-cp-sS \nÀ-t±iw. {_n-«o-jv am-[y-a-§Ä-¡v tNmÀ-óv In«n-b tc-J-I-fn-eq-sS-bm-Wv A-[n-Ir-XÀ \ð-In-bn o \nÀ-t±-i-§Ä ]pd-¯v h-ón-cn-¡p-óXv. \n-e-hnð bm{Xm tc-J-I-fp-sS \-S-]-Sn-{I-a-§Ä ]qÀ-¯n-bm-¡n \ð-Im-¯-Xn-\mð \n-ch-[n B-fp-I-fp-sS bm-{X-IÄ-¡v _p-²n-ap-«v t\-cn-Sp-óp-ïv. B-Zyw {_n-«o-jp-Im-cp-sS ]mkv-t]mÀ-«p-IÄ …

{_n-«-Wn-se sXm-gn-enñmbv-a \nc-¡v Ip-d-ªn-«p-sï-óv I-W-¡p-IÄ. G-{]n-en-\v ap³-]p-Å aq-óp am-k-w sIm-ïpïm-b sXm-gnð A-h-k-c-§-fp-sS I-W-¡p-IÄ ]cn-tim-[n-¨m-Wv bp-sI-bnð sXm-gn-ð Cñmbv-a Ip-d-ªn-«p-sï-ó dn-t¸mÀ-«v. A-tX-k-a-bw bp-sI-bn-se i-¼-f hy-h-Ø-IÄ am-ä-anñm-sX Xp-S-cp-I-bm-Wv. kÀ-¡mÀ ]pd-¯v hn-« I-W-¡p-IÄ A-\p-k-cn-¨v bp-sI-bn-se \n-e-hn-se sXm-gn-ð Cñmbv-a \n-c¡v i-X-am-\-amWv. bp-sI-bnð tPm-en sN-¿p-ó sXm-gn-em-fn-I-fp-sS …

Uðlnbnse knJv hncp² Iem]hpambn _Ôs¸«v tIm¬{Kkv A²y£ tkmWnbmKmÔns¡Xnsc knJv kwLS\IÄ \ðInb tIkv Atacn¡bnse tImSXn d±m¡n. tIkv Atacn¡³ tImSXnbpsS ]cn[nbnð hcnsñó tkmWnbbpsS hmZw AwKoIcn¨p sIm-ïm-Wv tkm-Wn-b-s¡-Xn-sc-bp-Å tI-kv d-±m-¡n-bXv. Fómð Cu hnjb¯nð hoïpw tImSXnsb kao]n¡póXnð \nóv knJv kwLS\Isf hne¡-Wsaó tkm-Wn-bm Km-Ôn-bp-sS A-`n-`m-j-I-sâ …

{_n-«o-jv hn-]-Wn-bn-ð \nópw {_m³U-Uv kn-K-c-äp-IÄ ]n³-h-en-¨v s¹-bn³ kn-K-c-äp-IÄ sIm-ïp h-cm-\p-Å \-S-]-Sn-IÄ th-K-¯n-em-¡-W-sa-óv Fw-]n-amÀ. A-Sp-¯ hÀ-jw sX-c-sª-Sp-¸v h-cp-ó-Xn-\v ap³-]v C-Xn-\p-Å \-S-]-Sn-IÄ ]qÀ-¯o-I-cn-¡-W-sa-óv Iymw-s]-bn-t\-gv-kn-sâ B-h-iy {]-Im-c-am-Wv Fw-]n-amÀ \-S-]-Sn-IÄ th-K-¯n-em-¡-W-sa-óv B-h-iy-s¸-«n-cn-¡p-ó-Xv. B-tcm-Ky a-{´me-bw X-bm-dm-¡n sh-¨n-cn-¡p-ó {Um-^v-äv sd-k-eyq-j³ F-{Xbpw s]-s«-óv \-S-¸m-¡-W-saópw {]-kn-²o-I-cn-¡-W-sa-óv B-h-iy-s¸-«v bp-sI-bn-se …

Btcm-Ky-hm-òmcm-b B-fp-IÄ-¡v lr-t{Zm-K km-[y-X-bp-sS t]-cnð Ìm-än³ Kpfn-I \ð-Ip-ó-Xn-s\ Ip-dn-¨v ]p-\cm-tem-Nn-¡-W-sa-óv ap-XnÀ-ó tUm-ÎÀ-am-cp-sS kw-Lw kÀ-¡mcn-t\m-Sv B-h-iy-s¸«p. \n-e-hn-se F³-F-¨v-F-kn-sâ am-\-Z-Þ {]-Im-cw 20 i-X-am-\w lr-t{Zm-K km-[y-X-bp-Å-hÀ-¡v ap-Xð kv-äm-än³ Kpfn-I \ð-IWw. F³-F-¨v-F-kn-se H-cp hn-`m-Kw tUm-ÎÀ-amÀ C-Xn-s\ A-\p-Iq-en-¡p-óp-sï-¦nepw tdm-bð tIm-tf-Pv ta-[m-hn DÄ-s¸-sS-bp-Å ap-XnÀó tUm-ÎÀ-amÀ C-Xn-s\ …

e-ï-\nð Sn-hn sse-k³-kv F-Sp-¡m-sX kÀ-¡m-cn-s\bpw hn-X-c-W-¡m-scbpw ]-än-¡m³ Xp-\n-bp-ó-hcpw tam-t«mÀ-sh-bn-eq-sS th-K-]-cn-[n ew-Ln-¨v No-dn ]m-bp-ó-hcpw ]n-g-b-S-¡m\pw Iq-Sn H-cp-§n-s¡mÅp. Sn-hn sse-k³-knð X-«n-¸v \-S-¯p-ó-hÀ-s¡-Xn-sc a-Pn-kv-t{S-äv tIm-S-Xn-¡v Np-a-¯m³ I-gn-bp-ó ]n-g Xp-I B-bn-cw ]u-ïnð \n-óv \m-em-bn-cw ]u-ïm-bm-Wv D-bÀ-¯n-bn-cn-¡p-óXv. A-Xmb-Xv C-´y³ cq-] \m-ev e-£¯n-t\m-Sv A-Sp-¯v h-cp-an-Xv. A-tX-ka-bw …