2050 Hm-sS {_n-«o-jv P-\-kw-Jy-bn-se aqón-sem-ópw I-dp-¯ hÀ-¤-¡mcm-b \yq-\-]-£-¡m-cm-bn-cn-¡p-sa-óv ]T-\§Ä. \n-e-hnð bp-sI-bnepw sh-bvð-kn-ep-am-bn F-«v aney-tWm-fw I-dp-¯ hÀ-¤-¡mcm-b \yq-\-]-£-§-fm-Wv D-Å-sX-óv tSm-dn Xn-¦v Sm-¦mb t]m-fn-ko F-Iv-k-tN-ôv \-S¯n-b ]T-\-¯nð ]-d-bpóp.

h³ Ip-ä-Ir-Xy-§Ä sNbv-X ti-jw Ip-Spw-_-¯n-sâ t]-cv ]d-ªv \m-Sp-I-S-¯-enð \n-óv H-gn-hm-Ip-ó Ip-Sn-tb-ä Ip-ä-hm-fn-IÄ {_n«-sâ sX-cp-hnð \nÀ-_m-[w hn-e-kp-ó-Xm-bn dn-t¸mÀ-«pIÄ. C-¯-c-¯nð in-£n-¡-s¸-« G-I-tZ-iw 4000t¯m-fw Ip-Sn-tb-ä Ip-ä-hm-fn-IÄ \m-Sp-I-S-¯-enð \n-óv c-£-s]-«v {_n-«-\nð Xp-S-cp-óp-sï-óm-Wv dn-t¸mÀ-«p-IÄ kq-Nn-¸n-¡p-óXv.

hcpw-Im-e-§-fnð tdm-t_m-«p-IÄ a-\p-jy-\v tað B-[n-]-Xy-ap-d-¸n-¡ptam F-óv aq-ónð H-óv {_n-«o-jp-ImÀ¡pw B-i-¦. {_n-«-o-jv Nm-\-enð ]p-Xp-Xm-bn B-cw-`n-¡p-ó k-b³-kv ^n-£³ Sn-hn t]m-eo-kv {Um-a-bp-sS eu-ôn-\v ap-tóm-Sn-bm-bn km-t¦Xn-I hnZy-tbmSpw tdm-t_m-«p-I-tfm-Sp-ap-Å P-\-§-fp-sS a-t\m-`m-hw Xn-cn-¨-dn-bm³ th-ïn \-S¯n-b kÀ-th-bn-emWv Cu hn-h-c-§-fp-Å-Xv. H-cp B³-t{Um-bn-Uv t]m-eokv Hm-^o-k-dm-Wv C-Xn-se tI-{µ I-Ym-]m-{Xw. kÀ-th-bnð …

bph c-àw {]m-b-am-Ip-ó-Xn-sâ e-£-W-§Ä Cñm-Xm-¡p-sa-óv ]T\w. {]m-bam-b F-en-I-fnð sN-dp {]m-b-ap-Å F-en-I-fp-sS c-àw ]-IÀ-óv \ð-In-b-t¸mÄ A-h-bnð {]m-b-¯n-sâ e-£-W-§Ä Cñm-Xm-sb-óv ]T-\-¯nð I-sï-¯n. C-tX co-Xn a-\p-jy-\nepw km-[y-am-Ip-sa-óm-Wv ]T-\w \-S¯n-b kw-Lw A-h-Im-i-s¸-Sp-ó-Xv. k-b³-kv B³-Uv t\-¨À sa-Un-kn-\nð {]-kn-²o-I-cn-¨ te-J-\-¯n-em-Wv {]m-b-¯n-sâ e-£-W§-sf X-S-bp-ó amÀ-K-s¯ kw-_-Ôn-¨p-Å aq-óv …

t]m-fïv, en-Xzm\nb , lwK-dn Xp-S§n-b cm-Py-§-tf-¡mÄ Z-cn-{Zam-b {]-tZ-i-§Ä {_n-«-\n-ep-sï-óv ]T\w. tIm¬-hmÄ, shð-jv hm-en F-óo {]-tZ-i-§-fn-se P-\-§Ä t]m-f-ïn-se P-\-§-tf-¡mÄ Z-cn-{Z-cm-Wv F-óm-Wv ]T-\-§Ä kq-Nn-¸n-¡p-óXv. C-hn-sS-bp-Å P-\-§Ä {]-Xn-hÀ-jw i-¼-f-am-bn e-`n-¡pó-Xv i-cm-i-cn 14,300 ]u-ïmWv. {_n-«-\n-se Pohn-X sN-e-hm-Wv B-fpI-sf Zm-cn-{Z-¯n-te-¡v X-Ån-hn-Sp-ó-sX-óv C-bp \-S¯n-b ]T-\-¯nð I-sï-¯n-b-Xv.

{_n-«-Wnð t]m-kv-äv kvä-Un hn-k ]p-\-Øm-]n-¡p-ó-Xn-\m-bn C-´y³ kÀ-¡mÀ k-½À-±w i-à-am-¡n. {_n-«-Wnð ]T-\w ]qÀ-¯n-bm¡n-b ti-jw tPm-en sN-¿p-ó-Xn-\v A-\p-hm-Zw \ð-Ip-ó-Xm-Wv t]m-kv-äv kvä-Un hÀ-¡v hn-k. C-´y³ ssl-¡-½o-jv-W-dpw a-e-bm-fn-bpam-b c-Rv-P³ a-¯m-bn-bp-sS t\-Xr-Xz-¯n-em-Wv {_n«-Wv tað k-½À-±w sN-ep-¯p-ó-Xv. t]m-kv-äv kvä-Un hÀ-¡v hn-k ]p-\-Øm-]n-¡p-ó-Xp-am-bn _-Ô-s¸-« hnj-bw NÀ-¨ sN-¿m³ …

hnam-\-¯nð bm-{X sN-¿sh A-dp-]-tXm-fw Ip-«n-I-Ä¡v OÀ-±nbpw A-Xn-km-c-hp-ap-ïmb-Xv bm-{X-¡mÀ-¡n-S-bnepw hnam-\ A-[n-Ir-XÀ-¡n-S-bn-epw ]-cn-{`m-´n kr-ãn¨p. Zp-_m-bn-bnð \n-óv e-ï-\n-te-¡v ]p-d-s¸-« F-an-td-äv-kv hn-am-\-¯nð bm-{X sNbv-X Ip-«n-IÄ-¡m-Wv B-tcm-Ky-]-cam-b {]-iv-\-§-fp-ïm-bXv. e-ï-\n-se lo-{Xp hn-am-\-¯m-h-f-¯nð F-¯n-b-bp-S³ A-dp]-Xv Ip-«n-IÄ¡pw {]m-Yan-I Nn-In-Õ \ð-In-sb-¦nepw {]-iv-\w I-e-i-em-sW-óv tXm-ón-b 11 t]-sc B-ip-]-{Xn-bnð {]-th-in-¸n-¨p. Ip-«n-IÄ-¡v …

{_n-«-Wnse kv{XoIÄ D]tbmKn¡pó s{_Ìv Cw¹mâv ]pXnb X-cw AÀ_pZ tcm-K-¯n\v hgnshbv¡pó-Xm-bn ]T\ dnt¸mÀ«v. CXnsâ ]cp¡³ {]X-ew A-Wp-¡Ä¡v hfcm\p-Å km-l-Ncyw kr-ãn-¡p-óp F-óm-Wv ]T-\-¯n-eqsS Isï¯nbncn¡póXv. CXm-Wv AÀ-_p-Z tcm-K-¯n-\v Im-c-W-am-Ip-ó-Xv. A\m¹mÌnIv emÀPv skð enwt^ma F-óv im-kv-{Xo-b \m-a-ap-Å Cu A-À-_p-Z h-I-t`-Z-w 150 t]Às¡¦nepw _m-[n-¨n-«p-sïómW IW¡pIÄ …

bqtdm-]y³ bq-Wn-b³ Aw-KXzw {_n-«o-jv hm-Wn-Py ta-J-e-bv-¡v Kp-Ww sN-bv-Xn-«n-sñ-óv I-sï-¯ð. F³-Pn-H kw-L-S-\bm-b kn-hn-äm-kv \-S-¯n-b ]T-\-¯n-em-Wv bq-tdm-]y³ bq-Wn-b³ Aw-KXzw sIm-ïv hm-Wn-Py t\-«-§Ä D-ïm-bn-«p-sï-ó hm-Zw s]m-Å-bm-sW-óv I-sï-¯n-bn-cn-¡p-ó-Xv. bq-tdm-]y³ bq-Wn-b³ Aw-K cm-Py-§-fp-am-bn {_n-«¬ \-S-¯p-ó hym-]m-c-§Ä a-äv km-¼-¯n-I i-àn-I-fp-am-bn \-S-¯p-ó hy-]m-c-§-sf-¡mÄ A-[n-I-añ. 1973em-bn-cp-óp {_n«-sâ C-bp …

ap³ {_n-«o-jv H-ómw \-¼À sS-óo-kv Xm-cw Fse-\ _mð-Sm-¨m A-´-cn¨p. I-c-fn-se A-À-_pZ tcmK-s¯ Xp-SÀ-óv Nn-In-Õ-bn-em-bn-cp-ó _mð-Sm-¨-bp-sS ac-Ww Rm-b-dm-gv-¨-bm-bn-cpóp. amÀ-¨n-em-bn-cpóp Xm³ A-À_pZ tcm-K _m-[n-X-bm-sW-ópw Nn-In-Õ-bn-em-sWópw ap-¸-Xv-Im-cnbm-b F-se-\ tem-I-t¯m-Sv sh-fn-s¸-Sp-¯nbXv sh-fn-s¸-Sp-¯n-b-Xv. sS-óo-knð aq-óv hÀ-j-¡m-e-t¯m-fw X-sâ Hómw \-¼À Xm-c ]Z-hn Fse-\ Im-¯v kq-£n-¨n-cp-óp. 2013em-Wv …