35 Imcnsb AôwKkwLw X«ns¡mïpt]mbn Imdn\pÅnð _emÕwK¯n\v Ccbm¡n. RmbdmgvNbmWv kw`hw. sX¡³ Uðlnbnse A£À[mw t£{X¯n\v kao]¯p\nóv cmhnse H³]Xn\mWv kv{Xosb X«ns¡mïp t]mbsXóv t]meokv ]dªp.

]-¯-\w-Xn-«:a-e-bm-g-¸p-g-bnð H-cp F-en {]-k-hn-¨p. F-en Xm-a-kn-¡p-ó ho-«n-se bp-hm-hv I-Sw-hm-§n sIm-ïp-h-¨ ]-Xn-\m-bn-cw cq-] Xp-ïw-Xp-ï-am-¡n sa-¯ \nÀ-an-¨m-bn-cp-óp F-en-b-½ kp-J-{]k-hw \-S-¯n-bXv.

{_n«\nð \nó Zs¯Sp¡s¸Spó Ip«nIÄ¡v aXnbmb kwc£Ww In«pónsñóv ]cmXn.

\m-«n-¼p-d-§-fn-se X-«p-I-S F-{X-t`-[-sa-óv C-t¸mÄ tXm-ómw. tem-I-¯nse Gähpw anI¨ `£Wimesbóv hntijn¸n¡s¸Spó sU³amÀ¡nse t\ma dkv-tämdânð\nóv `£Ww I-gn-¨-hÀ-¡ph-sc `-£y-hn-j-_m-[-tbäp.

X-I-cm-dp-IÄ I-sï-¯n ap-ó-dn-bn-¸v \ð-Ip-ó »m-¡v t_m-Iv-kv Im-dp-I-fnð Øm-]n-¡m-\p-Å B-À-F-kn-bp-sS {i-a-§Ä Xp-S§n.

{_n«-sâ B-tcm-Ky-cw-Kw t\-cn-Sp-ó i-àam-b shñp-hn-fn-Ifn-sem-óm-Wv kq-¸À-º-¤p-I-sf-óv {_n-«-\n-se {]-i-kv-X\m-b H-cp sa-Un-¡ð hn-Z-Kv²³.

_Àen³: k¼ó cmPysaó t]cpw s]cpabpÅ PÀa\nbnð ]«nWn ]mh§fpsS- F®w- s]cpIpóXmbn Nm³keÀ AwKe saÀ¡ensâ `cWIqSw shfns¸Sp¯n.

¹mÌn¡v _mKpIÄ¡v \nIpXn GÀs¸Sp¯Wsaóv {Ko³ ]mÀ«n

1789se hn¹h¯nð sImñs¸« {^ôv cmPmhv eqbn ]Xn\mdmasâ càw ]pcï XpWn tee¯n\v.

tI-c-f-¯n-sâ hn-Zym-`ym-k-ta-J-e-bp-sS h-fÀ-¨-bv-¡v B-tKm-f-¡m-gv-N-¸m-Sn-ep-Å ]p-¯³-ZÀ-i-\-§fpw , ]-²-Xn-I-fp-ap-ïm-I-W-sa-óv Im-ªn-c¸-Ån cq-]-Xm-²y-£³ amÀ amXyp A-d-bv-¡ð