sXm-®q-än Aômw h-b-Ênepw IÀ-½-\n-c-X\m-b _nj-¸v ^n-en-t¸m-kv amÀ {In-kv-täm-äw hy-Xy-Ø\m-b H-cp C-S-b-\mWvv. Nn-cn-bn-eq-sS Nn-´-I-fn-te-¡v I-S-óp-sN-óv a-t\m-l-cam-b k-tµ-i-§Ä a-\-Ên-en-«n«p-t]m-cp-ó _p-²n-am\m-b C-S-b³.

hÀKokv- ]ªn¡mc³ temI¯nse Gähpw k¼óamb cmPy§fnsemómb kznävkÀem³Uv- 800 hÀjw ]g¡apÅ slðthjy³ tIm¬s^Utd-j³ (CH) Fó sNdp kJy`q{]tZi§Ä Hcpan¨p tNÀó P\m[n]Xy ]cam[nImccmjv-{SamWv Cóv. Fñm XpdIfnepw klIcWw kXy{]XnÚbneqsS hmKvZm\w sNbvXncn¡pó `q{]tZi§fp-sS (Cantons) Iq«mbvabmWp Ah. 1798ð s\t¸mfnb³ Cu kJys¯ IogS¡nsb¦nepw 1815se hnbó tIm¬{Kknð tNcntNcm\b¯nsâ …

_Àen³: Xq¸pImcn¡v h\nXm Zn\¯nð PÀa³ {]knUânsâ hI "saUð Hm^v sadnäv" AhmÀUv. Lm\ kztZin\n lmcnbäv {_qkv Aóm³ Fó hntZi h\nXbv¡mWv {]knUâv tPm Alnw Ku¡nð \nóv saUð e`n¨Xv.

Be-¸p-g:]-Ån-¯À-¡w XoÀ-¡m³ sh-Åm-¸Ån. A-t±-lw \nÀ-tZ-in-¡pó kahmb¯neqsS k`mXÀ¡w ]cnlcn¡m³ X¿mdmsWóv bmt¡m_m-b k-` ]-d-ª-tXm-sS sh-Åm-¸-Ån-bp-sS C-S-s]-Sð ^-ew I-ïp-Xp-S-§n-bn-cn-¡p-I-bmWv.

Zp_m-bv:i-X-tIm-Sn-I-fp-sS kz-¯v ssI-bn-ep-ïm-bn«pw k-l-Po-hn kv-t\-lw ssI-sh-Sn-bm-sX H-cp {]-hm-kn a-e-bmfn. {]ikvXamb tim`m {Kq¸nsâ Øm-]-I\pw {]-hmkn aebmfnbmb ]n F³ kn tat\m³ kz¯nsâ ]IpXn PohImcpWy {]hÀ¯\§Ä¡v \ðIm³ XbmsdSp¡póp. At±l¯n\v 600 Zie£w tUmfdnsâ kz¯psïómWv IW¡v.

]-¯-\w-Xn«: a\pjysâ Zbmhmbv]n\p apónð \mbbpsS Poh³ Ic Ibdn. Ipf\S ]ômb¯nse cma³NndIemthZn¡p kao]w apISnbnð `mK¯v 50 ASntbmfw XmgvNbpÅ D]tbmKiq\yamb InWänð Bdp amk§Ä¡p ap¼v AIs¸« \mbbmWv a\pjykvt\l¯nsâ hebntedn ]pXpP³aw t\SnbXv.

]ndó \mSnsâ kpKÔw HmÀ½s¨¸pIfnð kq£n¡pó \n§Ä¡mbn aebmf¯nsâ aWhpw t]dn \À½¯nsâ \pdp§pIfpw A`n\b anIhnsâ XnIhpambn kvInäpIfpw, \r¯ cwK§fpw, lrZyamb kwKoXhpw tImÀ¯nW¡nb bpIv-a B³Uv {^ïvkv bpssWsäUv kvtäPv tjmbnð \n§sf A`napJoIcn¡pó R§sf BioÀhZn¨v A\p{Kln¡m³ \n§Ä hcWw.

tIm«-bw:kq-cy-s\ñn-bnð ]o-U-\-¯n-\n-cbm-b s]¬-Ip-«n-bp-sS t]-cnð, s]¬-Ip-«nbpw Ip-Spw-_-hpw Øn-cw k-µÀ-in-¡p-ó B-cm-[-\m-e-b-¯n-se ssh-ZnI-\v ]o-U\w. F-´m-bmepw {]-iv-\-¯nð \n-b-a-\-S-]-Sn-¡v H-cp-§p-I-bm-Wv ssh-ZnI³.

Xn-cp-h-\-´-]p-cw:tI-cf-s¯ ]n-Sn-¨p-Ip-ep¡n-b In-fn-cqÀ ]o-U-\-t¡-kn-s\-¡p-dn-¨v tNm-Zn-¨mð B-`y-´-c h-Ip-¸v adp-tNmZyw D-ó-bn-¡pw, F-´v In-fn-cqÀ, G-Xv im-cn F-sóñmw. In-fn-cqÀ ]o-U-\-t¡-kn-s\-¡p-dn¨pw A-Xn-se C-c im-cn F-kv.\m-b-sc-¡p-dn-¨p-ap-Å H-cp hn-h-chpw X-§-fp-sS ssI-h-i-an-sñ-óm-Wv kwØm-\ B-`y-´-c-h-Ip-¸n-sâ \n-e-]mSv. hn-h-cm-h-Im-i-{]-Im-cw \ð-In-b A-t]-£-bn-em-Wv h-Ip-¸n-sâ ssI-a-eÀ¯ð.

\yqUð-ln : kab_ÔnXam-bn P-\-§-Ä¡p tkh-\w D-d-¸m-¡pó ]ucmhImi _n-ñn\v tI{µa{´n-k-`-bp-sS Aw-Ko-Imcw. {]hmkn C´y¡msc¡qSn _nñn-sâ tkh\]cn[nbnð sImïph-cp-ó-Xn-\pw kÀ-¡mÀ {i-a-apïv.