I-sï-Sp¯-Xv dn-¨mÀ-Uv aq-óm-a-sâ X-e-tbm-«n Xsó, ap-Jw I-¼yq-«-dn-sâ k-lm-b-t¯m-sS ]p-\À-\nÀ-½n-¡p-óp

se-Ì-dn-se Im-À-]mÀ-¡nw-Knð \n-óv I-gn-ª Znh-kw ]p-cm-h-kv-Xp K-th-j-IÀ I-sï-Sp¯-Xv Cw-¥o-jv cm-Pm-hm-bn-cp-ó dn-¨mÀ-Uv aq-óm-a-tâ-Xv X-ó-sb-óv Øo-co-I-cn¨p. cm-Pm-hn-sâ hw-i-]-c-¼-c-bnð-s¸-«-h-cp-sS Un-F³-F-bp-am-bn X-e-tbm-«n-bn-se Un-F³-F-IÄ-¡v km-ay-ap-sï-óv K-th-j-IÀ I-sï¯n. C-Xn-\n-sS dn-¨mÀ-Uv aq-óm-a-sâ ap-Jw I-¼yq-«À k-lm-b-t¯m-sS K-th-j-IÀ ]p-\À-\nÀ-½n-¨p.

Að-¸w h-f-ª aq-¡pw D-´n-b I-hn-fp-Ifpw D-Å cq-]w dn-¨m-À-Uv aq-óma-sâ a-c-W-ti-jw h-c-¨ s]-bnânw-Kp-I-tfm-Sv G-sd km-Zriyw ]p-eÀ-¯p-ó-Xm-bn N-cn-{X K-th-j-I\mb tPm¬ Bjv-tUm¬ lnð ]-d-ªp.

I-gn-ª hÀ-j-am-Wv se-ÌÀ bq-Wn-th-gv-kn-än-bn-se ]p-cm-h-kv-Xp K-th-j-IÀ¡v ImÀ-]mÀ-¡nw-Kn-\p-Ånð \-S¯n-b ]-cy-th-j-W-¯nð \n-óv X-e-tbm-«n-Ifpw Fñn³ I-jv-W-§fpw e-`n-¨-Xv. C-Xv ]-Xn-\ômw \q-äm-ïnð Cw¥-ïv `-cn-¨n-cp-ó dn-¨m-À-Uv aq-óma-sâ B-sW-óv ]n-óo-Sv \-S¯n-b P-\n-X-I ]cn-tim-[-\-bn-ð hy-à-am-Ip-I-bm-bn-cp-óp.

1485ð t_m-kv hÀ-¯v bp-²-¯n-em-Wv dn-¨mÀ-Uv aq-óm-a³ sImñ-s¸-«Xv. a-cn-¡p-t¼mÄ 32 h-b-Êm-bn-cp-óp C-t±-l-¯n\v. In-co-S-[m-c-W-¯n-\v c-ïv hÀ-j-¯n-\v ti-j-am-Wv C-t±-lw bp-²-¯nð a-c-W-s¸-Sp-ó-Xv. sl³{Sn G-gm-a-\m-Wv A-óv dn-¨mÀ-Uv aq-óma-s\ B-`y-´-c-bp-²-¯nð tXmð-¸n-¨Xv. A-t±-l-¯n-sâ a-c-W-ti-jw c-Nn-¡-s¸-« Nn-{X-§-fnð G-ä-hpw {][m-\ B-IÀ-j-Ww aq¡pw I-hn-fp-I-fp-am-bn-cp-óp.

I-sï-Sp-¯ X-e-tbm-«n-bnð I-¼yq-«À-k-lm-b-t¯m-sS ap-Jw ]p-\À-\nÀ-½n-¨-t¸mfpw A-tX cq-]-¯n-ep-Å ap-Jw X-só-bm-Wv e-`n-¨-sX-óv tUm. B-jv-Uu¬ lnð hy-à-am-¡p-óp. dn-¨mÀ-Uv aq-óm-aâ A-h-km-\-Im-e-s¯ Ip-dn-¨v ]p-kvX-Iw c-Nn-¨ N-cn-{X-Im-c-\m-Wv tUm. B-jv-en-Uu¬ lnð. X-e-tbm-«n-bp-sS cq-]w I-¼yq-«-dnð kv-Im³ sNbv-X ti-jw a-kn-ep-Ifpw NÀ-½hpw \ð-In ap-J-¯n-sâ cq-]w I-¼yq-«-dnð \nÀ-½n-¨ ti-jw A-Xn-sâ {Xnam-\ ¹m-Ìn-Iv cq-]w A-tX]-Sn \nÀ-½n-s¨-Sp-¡p-I-bm-Wv sN-bv-XXv.

dn-¨mÀ-Uv aq-óma-sâ Po-hn-¨n-cn-¡p-ó Ime-s¯ H-cp Nn{Xw t]mepw Cñm-¯-Xn-\mð \n-e-hn-se ap-J ]p-\À-\n-À-½m-W-¯n-\v A-an-X-{]m-[m-\y-am-Wv In-«n-bn-cn-¡p-óXv. \n-e-hnð dn-¨mÀ-Uv cm-Pm-hn-tâ-Xv F-óv ]d-ªv e-`n-¡p-ó Fñm Nn-{X-§fpw A-t±-l-¯n-sâ a-c-W-ti-jw h-c-¨-h-bm-Wv. C-óv cm-hn-se {_-«o-jv ka-bw ]-¯v a-Wn¡v e-ï-\n-se skm-ssk-än Hm-^v Bân-Iz-b-dn-bnð h-¨v dn-¨mÀ-Uv aq-óm-a³ skm-ssk-än ap-J-¯n-sâ ]p-\À \nÀ-½n-¨ cq]w Hu-tZym-Kn-I-am-bn A-\m-ÑmZ-\w sN-¿pw. `m-hn-bnð C-Xv s]m-Xp-P-\-§Ä-¡v Im-Wm-\m-bn {]-ZÀ-in-¸n-¡p-sa-óm-Wv I-cp-Xp-ó-Xv.

3Un Un-Pn-äð {]nânw-Kv km-t¦-Xn-I hn-Zy D-]-tbm-Kn-¨m-Wv ap-J-¯n-sâ ¹m-Ìn-Iv cq-]w \nÀ-½n-¨Xv. A-Xn-\v ti-jw ap-Jw NÀ-½-¯n-sâ A-tX \n-d-¯nð s]-bnâv sN-¿p-I-bm-bn-cp-óp. dn-¨mÀ-Uv aq-óma-sâ sl-bÀ ssÌ-epI-sf Ip-dn-¨pw \n-d-t¯-¡p-dn¨pw a-\-Ên-em-¡m³ bq-Wn-th-gv-knän Hm-^v U¬-Un-bn-se BÀ-«n-Ìv kw-Lw A-t±-l-¯n-sâ Nn-{X§-sf Ip-dn-¨v \n-ch-[n ]T-\-§Ä \-S¯-p-I-bp-ïmbn. ]p-\À-\nÀ-½n-¨ cq-]-¯nð [-cn-¸n-¨n-cn-¡p-ó hn-¤v, sXm¸n, h-kv{Xw F-ón-h-sbñmw C-¯-c-¯nð X-¿m-dm-¡n-b-XmWv.