Xp-X³-Jm-a\pw \n-[n-th-«-¡mcpw

Cu-Pn-]v-Xn-se ^-tdm-h-am-cp-sS i-h-Iq-So-c-§Ä \n-[n-th-«-¡m-cp-sS C-ã-Ø-e-am-bn-cp-óp. hn-e-a-Xn-¡m-\m-Im-¯ ]-eXpw C-hn-sS \n-óv \n-[n-th-«-¡mÀ X-§-fp-sS ti-J-c-¯n-te-¡v Iq-«n-bn-«pïv. ]-e \n-[n-th-«-I-fpw H-cp tlm-fn-hp-Uv kn-\na-sb A-\p-kv-a-cn-¸n¡pw hn-[w kw-`-h-_-lp-e-am-bn-cp-óp.

Cu-Pn-]v-Xn-se ^-tdm-h B-bn-cp-ó Xp-sX³-Jma-sâ i-h-Iq-So-cw C-¯-c-¯n-sem-óm-bn-cp-óp. 3000 hÀ-j-t¯m-fw Bcpw I-sï-¯m-Xn-cpó B i-h-Iq-So-cw 90 hÀ-j-§Ä-¡v ap³-]v 1922 em-bn-cp-óp I-sï-¯n-b-Xv.

\n-[n-th-«-¡m-c-\m-bn-cp-ó {_n-«o-jp-Im-c³ l-hmÀ-Uv ImÀ-«-dm-Wv eIv-tkm-dn-\v k-ao-]-¯p-Å hmen Hm-^v Inw-Kv-knð \n-óv Xp-sX³-Jma-sâ i-h-Iq-So-cw I-sï-¯p-óXv. dm-ank-kv B-dma-sâ i-h-¡ñ-d-bnð \n-óp-Å A-h-in-ã-§Ä sIm-ïv aqSn-b \n-e-bn-em-bn-cpóp Cu i-h-Iq-Soc-s¯ ImÀ-«À I-sï-¯n-b-Xv. Cu-Pn-]v-jy³ ^-tdm-hm-am-cp-sS i-h-Ip-So-c-§-fnð tI-Sp-]m-Sp-I-fnñm-sX I-sï-¯n-b B-Zy-s¯ i-h-Ip-So-c-am-bn-cp-óp Xp-X³-Jm-a-tâXv. F-ómð i-h-Iñ-d Xp-d-óv A-Xnð I-S-ó F-«p-t]-cp-tS-bpw ac-Ww Zm-cp-W-am-bn-cp-óp.

20þmw \q-äm-ïn-se G-ähpw hen-b ]p-cm-h-kv-Xp I-ïp-]n-Sp-¯-am-bn-cp-óp Xp-sX³-Jma-sâ i-h-Iq-So-c-sa-óv hn-e-bn-cp-¯-s¸-Sp-óp. i-h-Ip-So-cw I-sï-¯n-bn-«v sXm-®q-dv hÀ-jw Xn-I-bp-t¼mgpw Xp-sX³-Jm-a-sâ {]k-àn A-h-km-\n-¡p-ónñ. Xp-sX³-Jm-a-sâ i-h-i-co-cw s]m-Xnv-ª kzÀ-® aq-Sn Im-Wp-t¼mgpw P-\-§Ä H-ä-t\m-«-¯nð Xp-sX³-Jma-s\ Xn-cn-¨-dn-bpó-Xv X-só-bm-Wv A-t±-l-¯n-sâ P-\-{]o-Xn hy-à-am-¡p-óXv.

[-\n-I-\m-bn-cpó temÀ-Uv ImÀ-W-thm-Wn-\v th-ïn-bm-Wv l-hmÀ-Uv ImÀ«À Cu-Pn-]v-jy³ ^-tdm-h-am-cp-sS i-h-Iq-So-c-¯n-te-¡p-Å X-§-fp-sS \n-[n-th-« B-cw-`n-¨Xv. km-l-kn-Icm-b ]p-cm-h-kv-Xp-K-th-j-I-cp-sS \n-dw ]n-Sn-¸n-¨ I-Y-I-fm-bn-cp-óp C-hÀ-¡p-Å h-gn-Im-«nIÄ. H-cp C-´ym-\m tPm¬-kv kn\n-a Im-Wpó-Xv t]m-se km-l-kn-I-am-b bm-{X-bm-bn-cp-óp C-h-cp-tS-Xpw. A-óv ]p-cmX-\ Cu-Pn-]v-Xn-t\ Ip-dn-¨v Bcpw B-i-¦m-Ip-e-cñm-Xn-cpó-Xv C-h-cp-sS bm-{X-bv-¡v k-lm-b-am-bn.

hn-tÎm-dn-b³ Im-e-L-«-¯n-ep-Å ]p-cm-h-kv-Xp-¡-tfm-Sp-Å C-ãw Imc-Ww [m-cm-fw {_n-«o-jp-ImÀ Cu-Pn-]v-Xv ]-cy-S-\-¯n-\v ]p-d-s¸-«n-cp-ó Im-e-L-«-am-bn-cp-óp AXv. ]-Xn-\-ôv hÀj-s¯ Xp-SÀ-¨-bm-b Xn-c-¨n-en-\v ti-j-am-Wv ImÀ-«À 1922 \-hw-_À 26 \v Xp-sX³-Jma-sâ i-h-Iq-So-c-¯nð {]-th-in-¡p-óXv. _n-kn 14þm-w \q-äm-ïnð \nÀ-½n-¨-sX-óv I-cp-X-s¸-Sp-ó Cu i-h-Iq-So-cw 3000 hÀ-j-§-fm-bn a-\p-jy-sâ Imð-¸m-Sp-IÄ Gð-¡m-sX In-S-¡p-I-bm-bn-cp-óp.

F-ómð Zp-c-´-§Ä Im-¯n-cn-¡p-I-bm-bn-cp-óp-sh-óv B-óv B i-h-Iq-So-c-¯nð I-S-¡p-t¼mÄ Bcpw Xn-cn-¨-dn-ªn-cp-ónñ. ImÀ-W-thmWpw ImÀ-«dpw a-äv F-«v t]-cp-am-Wv A-óv Xp-sX³-Jma-sâ Iñ-d Xp-d-óv AI-¯v I-b-dn-bXv. Iñ-d Xpd-óv IrXyw B-dv am-k-¯n-\v ti-jw temÀ-Uv ImÀ-W-thm¬ H-cp sIm-Xp-Iv I-Sn-tb-äv a-cn-¨p. X-só I-Sn¨ sIm-Xp-In-s\ sImñm³ {i-an-¡p-t¼mÄ i-coc-¯v sN-dp-Xm-bn ap-dn-thð-¡p-Ibpw A-Xv A-Wp-_m-[-tb-äv a-cn-¡p-I-bp-am-bn-cpóp. a-cn-¡p-t¼mÄ C-t±-l-¯n-\v 56 h-b-Êm-bn-cp-óp.

1907em-Wv ImÀ«-sd \n-[n-th-«-bv-¡m-bn temÀ-Uv ImÀ-W-thm¬ \n-tbm-Kn-¡p-ó-Xv. 17þa-s¯ hb-Êv apXð Cu-Pn-]v-jy³ ]-cy-th-j-W-¯nð GÀ-s¸-«n-cn-¡p-ó ImÀ-«À Xp-sX³-Jma-sâ i-h-¡-ñ-d-bnð \n-óv 5000¯n-te-sd hn-e-a-Xn-¡m-\m-Im¯ km-[-\-§-fm-Wv I-sï-¯n-b-Xv. ]-cy-thj-Ww \-S-¯p-ó Ø-ew Ip-gn-¡p-ó-Xn-\n-sS Xn-I¨pw A-{]-Xo-£n-X-am-bm-Wv A-hnsS-sbm-cp ]-Sn-s¡-«v I-sï-¯p-ó-Xv. temÀ-Uv ImÀ-W-thmsW hn-h-c-a-dn-bn-¨v Im-¯n-cp-ó ImÀ-«À H-cm-gv-N-bv-¡v ti-jw ImÀ-W-thm-Wpw H-¯m-Wv B h-gn-bn-te-¡v C-d-§n-b-Xv.

]p-cm-X-\ Im-e-s¯t§m I-ų-amÀ C-hn-sS kq-£n-¨n-cp-ó-sXñmw I-hÀ-só-Sp-¯n-cpóp. F-ómð ^-tdmh-sb A-S-¡n-bn-cp-ó Ø-ew am{Xw I-sï-¯m³ BÀ¡pw I-gn-ªn-cp-ónñ. I-ų-amÀ I-hÀ-¨ sNbv-X ap-dn-bp-sS `n-¯n-IÄ-¡n-S-bnð c-l-ky-am-bn \nÀ-½n-¨ H-cp hm-Xnð ]n-óo-Sv \-S¯n-b ]cn-tim-[-\-bnð ImÀ-«À I-sï-¯p-I-bm-bn-cp-óp, \m-ev am-kw \o-ï ]-cn-{i-a-§Ä-¡v ti-jw 1923 s^-{_p-h-cn-bnð ImÀ-«À Xp-sX³-Jma-sâ i-h-¡ñ-d I-sï-¯p-I-bm-bn-cp-óp.

B-dv am-k-§-Ä-¡v ti-jw Im-À-W-thm¬ X-sâ ssl-s¢-bÀ Im-knð F-kv-tä-änð A-Wp-_m[-sb Xp-SÀ-óv Zm-cp-W-am-bn a-cn-¡p-I-bm-bn-cp-óp. Xp-SÀ-óp-Å ]-{´-ïv hÀ-j-¯n-\p-Ånð Iñ-d-bnð I-S-ó a-äv F-«v t]cpw Zm-cp-W-am-bn a-cn-¨p. ^-tdm-hm-am-cp-sS im-]-am-Wv C-Xn-\v ]n-ón-se-óm-Wv ]n-óo-Sv {]-N-cn-¨Xv. F-ómð Iñ-d Xp-d-¡p-ó-Xn-\v t\-XrXzw \ðIn-b ImÀ-«-dm-I-s« 1939 ð X-sâ 64þma-s¯ h-b-Ênð hmÀ²-Iy k-l-Pam-b A-kp-J§-sf Xp-SÀ-óm-bn-cp-óp a-cn-¨-Xv. Xp-sX³-Jma-sâ i-h¡ñ-d I-sï-¯nb-Xv ti-jw 1928ð A-Xn-\v k-ao-]-¯p-Å a-säm-cp cl-ky A-d Iq-Sn ImÀ-«À I-sï-¯n-bn-cpóp. C-hn-sS \n-óv 2,000¯n-e-[n-Iw ]p-cm-h-kv-Xp-¡-fm-Wv ImÀ-«À I-sï-¯n-b-Xv.

ImÀ-W-thm-Wn-tâbpw ImÀ-«-dn-tâbpw ]m-X ]n-´p-SÀ-óv ]n-óo-Sv B-bn-c-¡-W-¡n-\m-fp-IÄ ^-tdm-h-am-cp-sS i-h-Iq-Sn-c-§Ä I-sï-¯m-\m-bn C-d-§n-¯n-cn-¨p. Cópw B-bn-c-¡-W-¡n-\v K-th-j-W-§-fm-Wv C-Xn-\v ap-I-fnð \-Sóp-sIm-ïn-cn-¡p-óXv. ImÀ-«À sX-fn-¨n-« ]m-X-tbm-Sp-Å B-Zc-hv sIm-ïp-am-{X-am-Wv tem-Iw Cópw ImÀ-«-dp-sS t]-cv A-Xym-{K-lnbm-b H-cp \n-[n-th-«-¡mc-sâ ]-«n-I-bnð s]-Sp-¯m-sX thÀ-Xn-cn-¨v \nÀ-¯n-bXv.