h-f-t¯m-fn-sâ {]-Y-a-Ir-Xn {_-«ojv ayq-kn-b-¯nð \nópw- a-e-bm-fn I-sï-¯n

a-e-bm-fn-I-fp-sS Im-hy-kw-kv-Im-c-¯n-sâ Xn-e-I-¡p-dnbm-b a-lmI-hn h-Å-t¯mÄ _m-ey-Ime-¯v c-Nn-¨ Ir-Xn-bp-sS A-]qÀ-h-]-Xn-¸v e-ï-\nð I-sï¯n. ]Xnaqómas¯ hbÊnð almIhn hÅt¯mÄ FgpXnb ‘kñm]]qcw’ Fó IhnXm ]pkvXIw eï\nse {_n«ojv ayqkn-b-¯n-em-Wv I-sï-¯n-bXv. eï\nð ‘IemtNX\’ IYIfn {Sq¸v \S¯pó IemaÞew hnPbIpamdmWv {_n«ojv ayqknb¯nð Cu ]pkvXIw IïXv. I-em-a-Þ-e-¯n-sâ Øm-]-I\m-b h-Å-t¯m-fn-sâ {K-Ùw A-hn-Sp-s¯ ]qÀ-h-hn-ZymÀ-Yn X-só I-sï-¯n-sbó-Xv N-cn-{X-\n-tbm-Kw-Iq-Sn-bm-Imw. 1896ð ]«m¼n hnÚm\Nn´maWn A¨pIqS¯nem-Wv kñm-]-]qcw A¨Sn¨Xv. 15 t]Pv am{XapÅ ]pkvXI¯n\v HcWbmWv hnebn«ncpóXv. shÅm\tÈcn hmkptZh³ apÊXns\ kµÀin¨ hÅt¯mÄ, BXntYb\pambn IhnXbneqsS \S¯pó kw`mjWhpapïv CXnð.

{_n«ojv ayqknb¯nð \nóv kñm]]qc¯nsâ ]IÀ¸v hnPbIpamÀ FSp¯n«pïv. \m«nse¯nbtijw CXv hÅt¯mfnsâ aIÄ hmk´n tat\m\v BZyw kaÀ¸n¡pw. XpSÀóv IemaÞew Iev]nX kÀÆIemimebv¡pw aebmfw kÀÆIemimebv¡pw Hmtcm tIm¸n \ðIpsaóv hnPbIpamÀ ]-dªp. ]IÀ¸v e`yambmð hmk´n tat\m\pambn BtemNn¨v ]pkvXI¯nsâ ]pXnb ]Xn¸v {]kn²oIcn¡pó Imcyw NÀ¨sN¿psaóv IemaÞew sshkv Nm³keÀ ]n.F³.kptcjv ]dªp.